American sitcoms Essay Example

American sitcoms Paper It has been contended that living in suburbia and having a family was enthusiastic. During the 1950s the United States had quite recently entered a financial blast following World War II. Anything that had to do with bettering the United States was viewed as devoted. For instance, purchasing U. S. - made products, for example, vehicles, fridges and TVs was viewed as helping the nation by keeping Americans utilized in manufacturing plants, and subsequently thought to be enthusiastic. Possessing a house and having a family were beliefs of the time. One of the most significant highlights of the 1950s sitcom family were sex jobs. Each family highlighted a mother, father and different youngsters. The mother remained in the home, cooking and cleaning, and the dad went through his day at work. Young men and young ladies were educated to esteem and exceed expectations at various things. For instance, if a couple had young men, the young men were encouraged to focus on scholastics and sports, and if a couple had young ladies, the young ladies were prepared to deal with a home and family. In the twentieth century, womens openings and rights extended. More ladies entered the workforce, for instance, be that as it may, ladies were still to a great extent answerable for keeping a clean home. We will compose a custom exposition test on American sitcoms explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on American sitcoms explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on American sitcoms explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The subject of ladies in the workforce was not talked about in American sitcoms of the 1950s. The main working ladies that were indicated were single white ladies as instructors of African-American ladies as maids. It has been contended that the prevailing convictions and worries about sex related distinctly to the working class white lady. African-American ladies felt that their needs, encounters and recognitions were to a great extent overlooked while the world spun around white society. During the 1950s this was a pitiful reality. Leave It to Beaver was the main demonstration of its sort to recount to its accounts from the perspective of a youngster. (Linehan, 115) Life during the 1950s, through a childs eyes, was sweet and basic. At the point when issues came up, they were constantly settled with astute counsel and a delicately learned exercise. Ward and June were totally strong, nobody at any point truly battled, and toward the day's end, everybody was grinning. In the Cleaver family unit, it appeared that June was low on the rundown of needs. She was a housewife and mother who consistently put her best self forward and consistently had a benevolent word to state. She appeared to be really glad to assume the job in the home that she did. She additionally had some contribution on Wally and Beaver were trained. Ward and June talked over what Wally and Beavers disciplines ought to be, in any case, it was Wards choice, and June gestured and grinned, tolerating whatever her significant other said. She likewise never fretted about monetary issues, and left that region of the family unit to Ward. Sitcoms were an exit for society. They introduced amusing circumstances that consistently discovered a cheerful consummation. These comedic circumstances regularly reflected the genuine concerns of the time. Any individual watching sitcoms could appreciate the cleverness while diminishing the pressure of their regular daily existences. The Cleavers were the quintessential American family who experienced the conventional American dream. Sexual orientation jobs and the relational intricacy were unmistakably characterized; the lady was a housewife and mother while the man was a working spouse and father, and together they had glad youngsters and lead peaceful, cheerful lives. This is the thing that each American needs †satisfaction. TV should be a break from the real world; individuals could leave their perhaps distressing lives for a second and enter an existence where everything works out to a glad closure. This is the thing that Leave It to Beaver accommodated its crowd †straightforward bliss. Mainstream society Explodes in a Decade of Conformity in Pendergast, Sara and Tom, Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of twentieth Century America. Detroit, U*X*L, 2002. Finkelstein, Norman H. The Way Things Never Were: The Truth About the â€Å"Good Old Days†. New York, Atheneum Books, 1999. Gourley, Catherine. Gidgets and Women Warriors: Perceptions of Women during the 1950s and 1960s. Minneapolis, MN, Twenty-First Century Books, 2008. Hausman, Bernice L. Sexual orientation and Gender Roles in Kutler, Stanley I. , Dictionary of American History. New York, Charles Scribners Sons, 2003. Horsley, Edith. The 1950s. London, Bison Books Limited, 1978. Linehan, Joyce. Leave It to Beaver in Pendergast, Sara and Tom, St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Detroit, St. James Press, 2000. Passing Parade: A History of Popular Culture in the Twentieth Century. Altered by Richard Maltby. London, Oxford University Press, 1989. The suburbs in Tompkins, Vincent, American Decades. Detroit, Gale, 2001. The 1950s Arts and Entertainment: Overview in Pendergast, Sara and Tom, U*X*L American Decades. Detroit, U*X*L, 2003.

Research Methods for Business Students

Transfer Visit Options

Transfer Visit Options In my opinion, there’s no better way to figure out if a school is a good fit for you than to take an official campus visit. You’re able to see campus, taste the food, meet other students, sit in on a class, and more. As a transfer student, you need different information than freshmen so we have many different visit options just for you! Just a quick note before we get started: these visits are specifically for students who are interested in transferring to Illinois. Many different students can fall into this category, whether you’re already at another post-secondary institution, or you’re in high school and you already know that transferring is going to be your path to Illinois. Transfer Information Sessions These sessions are around two and a half hours in length and include a presentations by Undergraduate Admissions, a student panel, and a campus tour. You can also request a meeting with your intended college if you want more information about your major and the opportunities available to you. Both prospective and admitted transfer students can attend these visits. This fall we will be offering a limited number of early evening visits from 5:30-6:30 p.m. They will still include a presentation by Undergraduate Admissions, a student panel, and a campus tour. While you’re on campus I encourage you to visit a class, take a housing tour, and explore Champaign-Urbana. Transfer Orange and Blue Days Think of an Orange and Blue Day like an open house. They are geared towards prospective students and include presentations by Undergraduate Admissions, University Housing, and the Office of Student Financial Aid. There are also housing tours, college sessions, and many other activities available as well. Transfer Illini Day Transfer Illini Day is held each spring specifically for our admitted fall transfer students. Eligible students will receive an invitation via email. In addition to a presentation by Undergraduate Admission and a student panel, there are many activities to choose from such as college and departmental meetings, walk-in hours with the Office of Student Financial Aid, University Housing, tours, and more. No matter which of our transfer visit options you choose I’m sure that you’ll leave our campus knowing much more about Illinois, the admission, application, and review process, as well as the opportunities we have for our transfer students. Come on out to Champaign-Urbana and explore! transfer visit Fabian Admissions Counselor, Undergraduate Admissions I'm excited to help transfer students navigate and master the application process to find the right fit for them. As an Illinois transfer student and now an alumni, providing this information is my priority.

Tata Nano Business Plan - 4532 Words

*EXECUTIVE S*UMMARY What makes Tata Nano so cheap? Basically, by making things smaller, lighter, do away with superficial parts and change the materials wherever possible without compromising the safety and environmental compliance. It is said that Tata Nano has better millage than Toyota Prius and same gas emission as a scooter. Tata Nano will be imported to Malaysia by Tata Industries in parts. It will be assembled in its two factories i.e in Shah Alam, Selangor and Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. There are four distribution centres in Peninsular Malaysia i.e. in Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Johor Bahru and Kuantan. All Tata Nano cars will be distributed through these distribution centres only. Order can be made vide these distribution†¦show more content†¦Opportunities The weak performance by the ruling Barisan Nasional in the general elections held on March 8 2008, has paved the way for the stalled reformist agenda –promised by Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi back i n 2004 – to gather pace. This would help to open up the country’s closed political system and improve transparency and accountability within key institutions. Threats Malaysia Economic SWOTaysia Economic SWOT Strengths During the past four decades, Malaysia has transformed itself from a commodities-dependent backwater into a major world source for electronics andcomputer parts. Malaysia is the world’s largest producer of rubber, palm oil, pepper and tropical hardwoods, and is also a net exporter of crude oil. All this provides a solid platform for economic growth Weaknesses Opportunities The opportunity for private-sector-led growth will improve as the government continues divestment of state shareholdings in order to raise funds to narrow the budget deficit. Threats Malaysia Business Environment SWOT Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats The following will be key strengths and weakness within the *company and describes the *opportunities and thr eats facingShow MoreRelatedTata Motors : A Company1460 Words   |  6 Pagescame to a closure, Tata Motors Limited. found themselves spotlighted as a company, that’s expectations were higher than their results. During the year, the company struggled with maintaining responsible business practices, delivering a unique service and creating a brand representation of innovation, while struggling to against all odds, that threatened their value proposition. Tata seeks to create a car that accurately characterizes the business’s ideals and core values. Tata Motors, is now in theRead MorePolitical Risks Of A Country And Micro Analysis1283 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the first steps in managing political risks is to analyze the political environment for risks to the business. According to Luthans, the analysis of risk can be done with two types of political risk analysis, Macro and Micro Analysis. Macro Analysis is an analysis of political ideas and decisions that will im pact all businesses in a country and Micro Analysis is an analysis of governmental regulations and policies that affect a specific sector of on economy or market such as the auto industryRead MoreThe Tata Nano Case1037 Words   |  5 PagesTo: Mr. Ratan Tata, Chairman TATA Group of companies, India From: ------------------------------------------------- Date: Fall 2008 The issue that TATA Motors Inc. is facing right now is to predict the viability of the Project Nano. Also, TATA Motors Inc. wants to know what other steps it can adopt to improve the chances of success for its newest venture- The Nano. Overview TATA Motors Inc., part of one of the most respected Business Houses in India-TATA Sons INC., is currentlyRead MoreTata Nano: international market selection with the world’s cheapest car1004 Words   |  5 Pagesneed for more fuel-efficient cars. Tata Motors Indian conglomerate Tata Group (www.tata.com) employs nearly 300,000 people in 85 countries and is India’s largest conglomerate company, with revenues in 2006–07 equivalent to US$28 billion (equal to 3.2 per cent of India’s GDP), and a market capitalization of US$73 billion at the end of 2007. The Tata Group comprises 98 companies in seven business sectors. One of the companies in the Tata Group is Tata Motors. Tata Motors is gearing up for the globalRead MoreTata Motors Increase in Its Global Footprint Essay580 Words   |  3 Pagescompanies, Tata Motors are part of the Tata Group a sprawling conglomerate with a presence across many industries. Chiquita Brands International Inc. is the global market leaders in producing, distributing, and marketer of bananas (Chiquita story). Chiquita’s global expansion came from acquiring existing businesses. Through subsidiaries and associate companies, Tata Motors increased its global footprint operations in the UK, South Korea, Thailand, Spain, South Africa and Indonesia (Tata Motors). Tata MotorsRead MoreA Report On Tata Motors1540 Words   |  7 PagesI. Core Problem / Issue Tata Motors has continued to increase its presence in the car industry throughout Asia and the world, but especially in their home country of India. From their goal of providing innovative affordable products for the masses, they have expanded from commercial vehicles into passenger cars, becoming India’s largest automobile company. As part of their global expansion strategy, Tata Motors acquired Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) in 2008, which allowed them to move into the higher endRead MoreThe Founding And Early Evolution Of Tata Company1689 Words   |  7 Pagesfounding and early evolution of Tata Company? Tata was found originally as a textile trading company in Mumbai by Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1868 much to his family’s dislike since they represented a long line of Parsi Zoroastrian priests. Tata’s family wanted him to carry out the family tradition and join the priesthood, but Jamsetji was nonconforming to the wishes of his family and he followed his own dreams of becoming a business man. Jamsetji began his business career with the following goalsRead MoreNano Tata1335 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿SYNOPSIS The   case illustrates the   opportunities, challenges   and trade-offs involved   in the   design, prototyping and marketing   of the   Nano —   the   so-called people’s   car   —   by Tata   Motors   Ltd.   (TML), a   Tata   Group company. The case takes place nine months after the company’s chairman, Ratan Tata, launched the Nano, on January 10, 2008, at   the 9th Auto   Expo in Pragati Maidan,   an exhibition center in   New Delhi, India. The case   asks   students to   take   the position   of   Ravi Kant,  Read MorePresentation on Tata Nano Car1647 Words   |  7 PagesPresentation On Tata Nano - Presentation Transcript 1. Presentation On Tata Nano 2. Introduction Of Tata Nano o â€Å" Dream-dream and dream, because dream gives vision, vision gives thoughts and finally thoughts lead to the actionquot;. Each letter of these motivational words said by Indiaapos;s former President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam goes exactly with Mr. Ratan Tata, Chairman of Tata group, who in the year 2003, dreamt of producing a safe, affordable Car for the common man. Finally after theRead MoreCase Analysis – Ratan Tata: Leading the Tata Group Into the 21st  Century Due: April 16th, 20111313 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis – Ratan Tata: Leading the Tata Group into the 21st  Century Due: April 16th, 2011 In this essay I will discuss Tata’s Motor’s Company and Ratan Tata’s leadership approach on leading the Tata group in the 21st century. Ratan Tata faced benefits as well as challenges to streamlining the business and dealing with the companies he had acquired for more than 50 years. There were more trials during his management span however; he was a leader that served as inspiration and a role model

American Values and The Lion King - 1010 Words

American values are among the attributes which make a person who they are. Many fail to understand them, there are the standards used to define these ‘values.’ American values are an individual’s belief system set over time, the decisions they make in their life, their morals and what it means to be an American citizen. Few of these notable values that Americans have stayed true to are present in the Disney film, The Lion King. The film itself may dismiss to be nothing more than a childhood fairy tale; however, it reflects much of how American Values are seen in the arts today. Modern day American citizens are categorically indulged in the lifestyle obsession of ‘the American dream,’ being driven by what they see on television, hear on the radio, read in magazines/newspapers, and in other forms of media. Mary McMahon, author of â€Å"What is the ‘American Dream?’ defines the American Dream to essentially be â€Å"an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life (McMahon 1).† This belief has the power to infiltrate itself into a persons life, taking control of them and their actions substantially. After some time, a persons hopes and dreams can become scrambled by confusion in their beliefs, these beliefs are then replaced by influences in what they see, hear, or read. The Lion King is an example of this influence in beliefs, being intended for young children to teach them about growing up in a way thatShow MoreRelatedQuestionable Social Messages Spread by Disney864 Words   |  3 Pagesvulnerable to the powers of the media. Disney movies are also a vehicle for spreading cultural notions, such as racism. This medium opens an avenue where children can be indoctrinated and pass questionable values on to following generations. Walt Disney shows us how his strong feelings and or values shown in his films were all meant in a good way. â€Å"Our heritage and ideals, our codes and standards - the things we live by and teach our children - are preserved or diminished by how freely we exchange ideasRead More Criteria for Evaluating Media Violence Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesviewers, is violence critical to the success of the industry, does violence have aesthetic value, who decides what is violent, and if something is found to be violent, should it be banned? By going beyond Doles speech to carefully examine these questions, it is found that regardless of its effects on younger viewers, violence in film should be unhindered due to its benefit to its industry, its entertainment value, and the fact that the definitions of the term cannot be agreed on by the parties involvedRead MoreThe Jazz Age, By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumer spending and the young adult population started to leave traditional values behind in exchange for individualism. In an effort by religious groups to decrease immorality, criminality, and unpatriotic citizenship, the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect in January of 1920, prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The new policy, though opposite of what it was intended for, drove Americans into underground speakeasies, where popular jazz was played into the wee hoursRead MoreRastafari Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pageswho was a black, Jamaican nationalists, prophet to many Jamaicans and visionary, preached a message of black supremacy and initiated the â€Å" Back to Africa† movement calling for all blacks to return home to Africa. Garvey proclaimed that a new black king would soon rise out of Africa to deliver all Africans from their oppressions all over the world. This prophecy was fulfilled at the time of the coronation of Haile Selassie I as Emperor of Ethiopia. The coming of the first Rastas, A s hortened versionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Disneyfication Of Broadway 1416 Words   |  6 Pagesshows are cleaner. Scholars have titled this the â€Å"Disneyfication of Broadway†(Wollman 445). Disney’s presence on Broadway remains virtually impossible to deny; however critics wonder whether what exactly this â€Å"Disneyfication† means for the future of American theatre. This essay follows the conversation surrounding Disney’s â€Å" Broadway takeover† as it pertains to both the phenomenon’s commercial and artistic impact. The Walt Disney Company’s introduction to Broadway occurred in 1994 as a result of MayorRead MoreSummary : Ruler Of The Jungle 1175 Words   |  5 Pages Ruler of the Jungle What strictly makes the lion the ruler of the jungle? I have perceived it all my existence, but I am not even certain if lions are the toughest animals. Lion is recognized to be the King of Beasts throughout most cultures of the circle. This is mostly because of a lion’s form and partly because of the social structure of a pride and the lion’s role in the pride. A lion lives in the open and wheels its territory like a true king, and bearing a vanity that feeds him. Similar toRead MoreEssay on The Cheetah: Built for Speed1173 Words   |  5 Pagesmore like greyhounds than typical cats, cheetahs are adapted for brief but intense bursts of speed (Smithsonian). In Africa, everyone head to the lion’s cage expecting to see the lions because they are the king of Africa as the movie, â€Å"The Lion King† describes. However, because cheetahs are the fastest land animals, lions can not compete with it, and cheetahs have many features that any other animal does not have, when the people visits Africa, they should go straight to the cheetah’s cage. All ofRead MoreAmerican Rhetoric : Obama And Martin Luther King Jr.1481 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Rhetoric: Barack Obama Martin Luther King Jr. Barack Obama and Martin Luther King Jr. each deal with the issues of race and the African American struggle in their respective works. Both leaders use a combination of many rhetorical techniques in their arguments to make them more poignant and convincing. The two men make extremely strong and effective arguments that often rely on pathetic appeals to connect to their audience s values. However, Obama focuses more on an ethicalRead MoreRichard Cory s The Title1493 Words   |  6 Pagesas opposed to a single individual. As the poem repeatedly indicates with the pronoun â€Å"we,† the people of the town are the poems speakers and they narrate the events of the poem. Obviously, they are working-class citizens who have little of material value and sometimes can’t afford meat to put on their tables in the second line of the last stanza. They admire Richard Cory because of his possessions and his elegant demeanour, while also envying him because he seems to have everything he could possiblyRead MoreDisneys affect on our Children and Culture1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthese movies are good for children, that they promote stimulation of the imagination, and contain them in an aura of innocence. The relevance of these films, however, crosses the boundary of being just entertainment. They are teaching children certain values and roles at least as much as any other traditional institution of learning such as ones family, school, or religion might. And the ideological messages presented in these films have a negative effect on children. Childrens films are especially

Happiness and Money Free Essays

Money has become one of the main things In our modern life. Some people live their lives to earn money. They work hard, trying to earn as much money as they can. We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness and Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of them become crazy about It and lose their dlgnlty hunting money. They dont appreciate such Important things as family, friendship, love and other feelings. Such people become greedy, they spend their lives in loneliness. I don’t deny that money influences our life a lot. As W. S. Maugham said † Money is like the sixth feeling ithout which you cannot make a complete use of the other five. I quite agree. A person can’t be happy if he has no money to satisfy his natural needs. But I think that money should have a limit. A person shouldn’t have too much money. It begins destroying him and becomes his curse. It is said in the Bible that â€Å"The love of money is the root of all evil. † Yes, big sums of money really bring dfferent problems because people feel very envious and Jealous of other’s fortune. The majority of all the crimes are made because of money. I’m among the people who consider that money Is not ll-powerful. Humanity, dignity, intelligence, kindness and other good qualltles of a person can’t be bought for money. We’ll never be able to buy pure love, real friendship and loving and caring family. But life Isnt worth living without these things. It’s not worth living if money has become the point of it either. 9HAeKC. AnpeKT Can Money Buy Happiness Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, In their minds, money can bring omfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think. Is the source of happiness. But there are still a lot of others who think that money Is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that can t be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it. I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it can t buy happiness. Happiness s not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it can t buy happiness. People usually dont think too much about the meaning of money. The only Idea and concern Is to make more than they usually have. Of course having money Is a good thing because they give us the possibility to satisfy our needs and desires. People they don’t usually think too much, the waste it buying expensive cars, eating out or buying expensive things Just for being in fashion. Yet, money has a certain feature â€Å"to come† easier to those who treat it well. Money tends to go to those who can use it in the most productive way to produce useful services and valuable goods and who has the ability to invest the in a profitable economical field. At the same time money uses to flow away from those who don’t have the habit to use them in a profitable way. I think everyone should learn to save money and to invest it in rder to gain more. If we know the value of money we can easily manage it. It becomes a habit that leads to a successful life and career. The more effective period for learning the value of money is childhood because children usually don’t value money because they don’t know how much effort their parents put in their work in order to earn a certain some of money. Thus, parents are responsible for showing the real value of money when their kids are still small, than it will be much easier for them to value money without being even told about this. How to cite Happiness and Money, Papers

West Coast Jazz

Introduction In the 1950s and the 1960s a new form of jazz music was invented in Los Angeles. It was referred to as West Coast jazz and it primarily developed as a variation of cool jazz (a type of modern jazz that grew up during the Second World War period). The music was also seen as an evolution of bop jazz though it contained some aspects of swing that had overtime been discarded or summarily overlooked. Most of the recordings in the genre were characterized by a heavy arrangement of the music which usually came with a formal composition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on West Coast Jazz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there were experimental tracks that had success with audiences and which ended up being classified under West Coast jazz. This essay seeks to analyze the development of West Coast jazz as well as to evaluate the appropriateness of the names allotted to this genre of music. To this end v arious forms of literature, both electronic and print, shall be consulted in order to provide a proper scholarly background to the discussion. The evolution of jazz leading to the birth of West Coast jazz In the period following the end of WWII, jazz as an independent genre of music went through intense transformations. This went in tandem with the other socio-cultural changes, including the birth of the civil rights movement, that were taking place in the post-war era. Around this time jazz broke down into the bop, Hard Bop and Cool sub-genres[1]. Of even more importance is that with this split, jazz also acquired classification into two camps-the West Coast and the East Coast. Musicians from the two coastal camps also relied on two particular record labels-one from each camp-to do most of their tracks. The Los Angeles Pacific Jazz label handled the West Coast musicians while the Blue Note Records produced the East Coast jazz[2]. The West Coast jazz was mainly identified by a relax ing sound as compared to its Eastern counterpart which was faster and had more intensity. It had some kind of laid back swing touch to it and most of the followers of the style commonly referred to it as cool jazz. This sound was easy to the ears and it had the effect of giving the listener a relaxed feeling. The West Coast Sound was easily accessible to the public and as it received immense airplay in Los Angeles radio stations and clubs. Aside from the differences in sound between the West coast and the East Coast jazz, there were basic racial elements of distinction between the two sub-genres[3]. West Coast jazz was mainly Caucasian-led while the East Coast had a distinct African-American composition and following. Music by West Coast musicians such as Curtis Amy and Teddy Edwards had some a characteristic gospel touch whose origin could be traced all the way to Africa[4]. The entry of West Coast jazz into the music scene was not sudden. This is because it mainly stemmed and evol ved from styles that had already established a presence in the United States. Even with its uniqueness, keen followers could easily tell that West Coast jazz was an amalgamation of various musical genres and sounds. The classification of the West Coast sound placed all musicians from the genre into one group and this had the eventual effect of establishing and maintaining harmony to the sound.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The swing period Before the advent of West Coast jazz the American musical scene was defined by two typical sounds; these were Big Band and Swing. A basic swing band was made up of a minimum of ten members, classified under the saxophone, the brass and the rhythm sections[5]. Proponents of the Swing sound from the West Coast included Stan Kenton, Woody Herman and Herb Geller[6]. Their music helped give solace to most people during the war period. Stan Kenton was a renowned pianist and his influence had a global aura to it. He was among the first individuals to experiment with the Big Band format as well as flirting with the pre-existing boundaries of Swing. His boldness was well received and he found admirers among many of the up-coming young talent. His involvement in modern music greatly influenced the changes happening to modern jazz, particularly in terms of performing with orchestra-type bands with some of them having more than forty members. The bands were well sectioned with a clear distinction between the wind and the string. This innovation marked the beginning of free jazz. Over the years, a number of musicians went through Kenton’s band and later parted to establish independent bands. However, they all credited Kenton as their discernible role model and key influence. Much later these Kenton students alongside other swing greats such as Wardell Gray invented two new jazz sub-genres; Bop and Cool[7]. Players in the West Coast post swing era Once the Second World War came to an end, most musicians found it necessary to embrace new styles of music. Many of them experimented with various combinations and son Bop and Cool were taking over the place of Swing. However, as other musicians were eager to embrace changes two artistes remained committed to Swing in its traditional form. These were Cy Touff and Bob Brookmeyer. Touff’s compositions touched on various themes established by various bandleaders in New Orleans. His music gave Swing jazz a vastly unique identity since it brought in elements from the Chicago music scene where the musician originally came from. Brookmeyer was born in Kansas City and was introduced to the music scene as a pianist in the army band. Later he picked up the trombone and found a place in various swing bands most notably playing alongside Woody Herman. In 1954 he linked up with Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker to create a brand new sound. Even with his contribution to i nnovative sounds, Mulligan’s heart still remained with traditional Swing and this even led him to create the nostalgic album, Traditionalism Revisited. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on West Coast Jazz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The West Coast Bop As most of the West Coast Jazz musicians were experimenting with different elements of Bop and Cool, the counterparts from the East Coast decided to follow new musical paths leading to the advent of Hard Bop (sometimes referred to as Soul-Jazz). These musicians decided to break away from conventional music ties and played around with the space they were given. The Hard Bop movement was distinguishable by the input of guitarists Grant Green and George Benson, saxophonists Eddie Harris and Cannonball Aderly and Pianists Jimmy Smith and Horace silver[8]. Hard Bop found its primary following in the East Coast. However, there were a few musicians from the West C oast who embraced it fully. One of these artistes was Teddy Edwards who went against his region’s attachment to swing to work alongside Dexter Gordon to create the unique Los Angeles Bop. This was around the same time when the big bands that hitherto characterized the music scene were abandoned for solo performances. The birth of Cool jazz The entry of bop (also known as Bebop) heralded the decline of swing. This transformation mainly happened in the East Coast through the work of such musicians as Max Roach and Charlie Parker. As the East Coast was getting excited about the fast paced sounds and the stretched solos, the West Coast musicians were exploring harmonic possibilities through the integration of bop elements in their compositions to come u with the unique Cool sound. Cool  jazz was characterized by a combination of swing and various experiments with various chordal progressions. One of the musicians from the West Coast who had a primary hand in the development of Cool jazz was Dave Brubeck. Alongside East Coast’s Miles Davis, Brubeck released landmark recordings to mark the maturation of a new genre of jazz. The â€Å"Cool† movement found grounding in the Los Angeles jazz scene with most of the greatest Cool jazz musicians coming from the West Coast[9]. Below are some of the musicians who contributed to the popularization of the Cool style. Bill Perkins Bill Perkins was born in San Fransico but later relocated to Los Angeles where he did a stint in Stan Kenton’s band. He teamed up with fellow musicians from the West Coast including Bob Cooper and Jack Montrose to act as a primary head in the growth of the Cool sound. However, most of the popular Bill Perkin’s tracks are the ones he did with Kenton, with some of them being as popular today as they were during the time that they were originally released.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bud Shank Bud Shank was raised in Ohio and then relocated to California after dropping out from college. He performed with several bands, most of which broke up in their early days. During this time he managed to learn how to play the flute. This, coupled with his skill in the Saxophone gave him an edge against fellow instrument players. In between the period 1950 and 1951 he joined Stan Kenton’s band where he managed to make a name in the Cool genre of jazz music. Alongside Bob Cooper, Shank managed to give the oboe and the flute a place in jazz music. Jack Montrose Jack Montrose was born in Detroit Michigan but he moved to California during his teens[10]. Having graduated with a degree in music from the Los Angeles State College in the 1953, Montrose channeled his focus to music and his experimentation with different genres of music helped him make a name for himself as one of the most influential artistes in West Coast jazz[11]. Unfortunately for Jack, he became addicted t o heroine and most of the bands he played with found him a liability and cut him loose. He later underwent rehabilitation but by the time he was back in control, changes had taken place in the music scene and his style was no longer being appreciated. This is the reason why he is among the influential but forgotten heroes of West Coast jazz. West Coast Jazz Key musicians-Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker The West Coast sound had very many followers. Saxophonist Gerry Mulligan and trumpeter Chet Baker, being the first musicians to work under the Pacific Jazz production level, turned out to be some of the most influential individuals in the development of the sound[12]. The entry of Mulligan into the music scene was some kind of defining moment as far as the West Coast movement was concerned. His contribution was greatly appreciated mainly because he was able to borrow from elements from East Coast owing to his constant contact with Miles Davis as well as drawing from his background as he originally came from New York. Chet Baker who originally came from Oklahoma also played a clear role in the development of the Pacific Jazz sound. The Mulligan-Baker influence on jazz scene was not initially anticipated primarily because the two were struggling artists when they first met. Mulligan had hitch hiked from New York while Baker had been a poor Dixieland trumpeter. However, it was instant chemistry when the duo created a clean swinging sound. Their immediate success was characterized by imitation by young musicians as well as by the migration in droves of musical talent into Los Angeles. The appropriateness of the geographical title â€Å"West Coast jazz† The tag West Coast jazz when identifying the particular type of jazz being performed in Los Angeles may not clearly present the intention of the branding. This is because the growth of jazz in the period after the Second World War depended on a fusion of styles from both the East and West Coasts. The title  "West Coast jazz† basically implies that the type of jazz being referred to originally sprang up in the regions around Los Angeles. However, as has been illustrated in this essay, the genre that is currently referred to as West Coast jazz was simply a combination of various jazz elements-some of which were primarily invented and popularized in the East Coast. Aside from this, most of the notable artists in the West Coast had roots from the East Coast and therefore brought in elements from their home regions into the Los Angeles Music Scene. As a matter of fact, it is definitely clear that West Coast jazz borrowed more from the East Coast as compared to what jazz in New York borrowed from the West Coast. However, it is without a doubt that both Coasts had their role to play in the music industry and most of them left their mark with their releases. Conclusion West Coast jazz was a fundamentally vibrant element of the United States music scene. However, because its advent happen ed around the time when more popular genres were developing in New York, this item of jazz development often tends to be overlooked. With the artists in New York following new directions when it came to jazz, those in Los Angeles chose to stick with the Swing from which they drew a number of closely related variations. However, it is definitely clear that both the New York and Los Angeles aspects of jazz growth had a significant effect in the general development of the genre. Both the East and West coasts produced exceptional performers whose impact continues to be felt in modern-day music. Reference List Gioia, T, West Coast jazz: Modern jazz in California, 1945-1960, University of California Press, California, 1998 Waters, K, H, Martin, Essential jazz: the first 100 years, Cengage Learning, Connecticut, 2008 Footnotes T, Gioia, West Coast jazz: Modern jazz in California, 1945-1960, University of California Press, California, 1998, p.176 Gioia, pp.56, 195-196 Gioia, p.52 K, Water s, H, Martin, Essential jazz: the first 100 years, Cengage Learning, Connecticut, 2008, p.169 Gioia, p.210 Waters Martin, p.87 Gioia, p.51 Waters Martin, p.167 Gioia, p.176 Gioia, p.295 ibid. Waters Martin, pp.160-161 This essay on West Coast Jazz was written and submitted by user Barracuda to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.