American sitcoms Essay Example

American sitcoms Paper It has been contended that living in suburbia and having a family was enthusiastic. During the 1950s the United States had quite recently entered a financial blast following World War II. Anything that had to do with bettering the United States was viewed as devoted. For instance, purchasing U. S. - made products, for example, vehicles, fridges and TVs was viewed as helping the nation by keeping Americans utilized in manufacturing plants, and subsequently thought to be enthusiastic. Possessing a house and having a family were beliefs of the time. One of the most significant highlights of the 1950s sitcom family were sex jobs. Each family highlighted a mother, father and different youngsters. The mother remained in the home, cooking and cleaning, and the dad went through his day at work. Young men and young ladies were educated to esteem and exceed expectations at various things. For instance, if a couple had young men, the young men were encouraged to focus on scholastics and sports, and if a couple had young ladies, the young ladies were prepared to deal with a home and family. In the twentieth century, womens openings and rights extended. More ladies entered the workforce, for instance, be that as it may, ladies were still to a great extent answerable for keeping a clean home. We will compose a custom exposition test on American sitcoms explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on American sitcoms explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on American sitcoms explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The subject of ladies in the workforce was not talked about in American sitcoms of the 1950s. The main working ladies that were indicated were single white ladies as instructors of African-American ladies as maids. It has been contended that the prevailing convictions and worries about sex related distinctly to the working class white lady. African-American ladies felt that their needs, encounters and recognitions were to a great extent overlooked while the world spun around white society. During the 1950s this was a pitiful reality. Leave It to Beaver was the main demonstration of its sort to recount to its accounts from the perspective of a youngster. (Linehan, 115) Life during the 1950s, through a childs eyes, was sweet and basic. At the point when issues came up, they were constantly settled with astute counsel and a delicately learned exercise. Ward and June were totally strong, nobody at any point truly battled, and toward the day's end, everybody was grinning. In the Cleaver family unit, it appeared that June was low on the rundown of needs. She was a housewife and mother who consistently put her best self forward and consistently had a benevolent word to state. She appeared to be really glad to assume the job in the home that she did. She additionally had some contribution on Wally and Beaver were trained. Ward and June talked over what Wally and Beavers disciplines ought to be, in any case, it was Wards choice, and June gestured and grinned, tolerating whatever her significant other said. She likewise never fretted about monetary issues, and left that region of the family unit to Ward. Sitcoms were an exit for society. They introduced amusing circumstances that consistently discovered a cheerful consummation. These comedic circumstances regularly reflected the genuine concerns of the time. Any individual watching sitcoms could appreciate the cleverness while diminishing the pressure of their regular daily existences. The Cleavers were the quintessential American family who experienced the conventional American dream. Sexual orientation jobs and the relational intricacy were unmistakably characterized; the lady was a housewife and mother while the man was a working spouse and father, and together they had glad youngsters and lead peaceful, cheerful lives. This is the thing that each American needs †satisfaction. TV should be a break from the real world; individuals could leave their perhaps distressing lives for a second and enter an existence where everything works out to a glad closure. This is the thing that Leave It to Beaver accommodated its crowd †straightforward bliss. Mainstream society Explodes in a Decade of Conformity in Pendergast, Sara and Tom, Bowling, Beatniks, and Bell-Bottoms: Pop Culture of twentieth Century America. Detroit, U*X*L, 2002. Finkelstein, Norman H. The Way Things Never Were: The Truth About the â€Å"Good Old Days†. New York, Atheneum Books, 1999. Gourley, Catherine. Gidgets and Women Warriors: Perceptions of Women during the 1950s and 1960s. Minneapolis, MN, Twenty-First Century Books, 2008. Hausman, Bernice L. Sexual orientation and Gender Roles in Kutler, Stanley I. , Dictionary of American History. New York, Charles Scribners Sons, 2003. Horsley, Edith. The 1950s. London, Bison Books Limited, 1978. Linehan, Joyce. Leave It to Beaver in Pendergast, Sara and Tom, St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture. Detroit, St. James Press, 2000. Passing Parade: A History of Popular Culture in the Twentieth Century. Altered by Richard Maltby. London, Oxford University Press, 1989. The suburbs in Tompkins, Vincent, American Decades. Detroit, Gale, 2001. The 1950s Arts and Entertainment: Overview in Pendergast, Sara and Tom, U*X*L American Decades. Detroit, U*X*L, 2003.

Research Methods for Business Students

Transfer Visit Options

Transfer Visit Options In my opinion, there’s no better way to figure out if a school is a good fit for you than to take an official campus visit. You’re able to see campus, taste the food, meet other students, sit in on a class, and more. As a transfer student, you need different information than freshmen so we have many different visit options just for you! Just a quick note before we get started: these visits are specifically for students who are interested in transferring to Illinois. Many different students can fall into this category, whether you’re already at another post-secondary institution, or you’re in high school and you already know that transferring is going to be your path to Illinois. Transfer Information Sessions These sessions are around two and a half hours in length and include a presentations by Undergraduate Admissions, a student panel, and a campus tour. You can also request a meeting with your intended college if you want more information about your major and the opportunities available to you. Both prospective and admitted transfer students can attend these visits. This fall we will be offering a limited number of early evening visits from 5:30-6:30 p.m. They will still include a presentation by Undergraduate Admissions, a student panel, and a campus tour. While you’re on campus I encourage you to visit a class, take a housing tour, and explore Champaign-Urbana. Transfer Orange and Blue Days Think of an Orange and Blue Day like an open house. They are geared towards prospective students and include presentations by Undergraduate Admissions, University Housing, and the Office of Student Financial Aid. There are also housing tours, college sessions, and many other activities available as well. Transfer Illini Day Transfer Illini Day is held each spring specifically for our admitted fall transfer students. Eligible students will receive an invitation via email. In addition to a presentation by Undergraduate Admission and a student panel, there are many activities to choose from such as college and departmental meetings, walk-in hours with the Office of Student Financial Aid, University Housing, tours, and more. No matter which of our transfer visit options you choose I’m sure that you’ll leave our campus knowing much more about Illinois, the admission, application, and review process, as well as the opportunities we have for our transfer students. Come on out to Champaign-Urbana and explore! transfer visit Fabian Admissions Counselor, Undergraduate Admissions I'm excited to help transfer students navigate and master the application process to find the right fit for them. As an Illinois transfer student and now an alumni, providing this information is my priority.

Tata Nano Business Plan - 4532 Words

*EXECUTIVE S*UMMARY What makes Tata Nano so cheap? Basically, by making things smaller, lighter, do away with superficial parts and change the materials wherever possible without compromising the safety and environmental compliance. It is said that Tata Nano has better millage than Toyota Prius and same gas emission as a scooter. Tata Nano will be imported to Malaysia by Tata Industries in parts. It will be assembled in its two factories i.e in Shah Alam, Selangor and Pasir Gudang, Johor Bahru. There are four distribution centres in Peninsular Malaysia i.e. in Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Johor Bahru and Kuantan. All Tata Nano cars will be distributed through these distribution centres only. Order can be made vide these distribution†¦show more content†¦Opportunities The weak performance by the ruling Barisan Nasional in the general elections held on March 8 2008, has paved the way for the stalled reformist agenda –promised by Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi back i n 2004 – to gather pace. This would help to open up the country’s closed political system and improve transparency and accountability within key institutions. Threats Malaysia Economic SWOTaysia Economic SWOT Strengths During the past four decades, Malaysia has transformed itself from a commodities-dependent backwater into a major world source for electronics andcomputer parts. Malaysia is the world’s largest producer of rubber, palm oil, pepper and tropical hardwoods, and is also a net exporter of crude oil. All this provides a solid platform for economic growth Weaknesses Opportunities The opportunity for private-sector-led growth will improve as the government continues divestment of state shareholdings in order to raise funds to narrow the budget deficit. Threats Malaysia Business Environment SWOT Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats The following will be key strengths and weakness within the *company and describes the *opportunities and thr eats facingShow MoreRelatedTata Motors : A Company1460 Words   |  6 Pagescame to a closure, Tata Motors Limited. found themselves spotlighted as a company, that’s expectations were higher than their results. During the year, the company struggled with maintaining responsible business practices, delivering a unique service and creating a brand representation of innovation, while struggling to against all odds, that threatened their value proposition. Tata seeks to create a car that accurately characterizes the business’s ideals and core values. Tata Motors, is now in theRead MorePolitical Risks Of A Country And Micro Analysis1283 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the first steps in managing political risks is to analyze the political environment for risks to the business. According to Luthans, the analysis of risk can be done with two types of political risk analysis, Macro and Micro Analysis. Macro Analysis is an analysis of political ideas and decisions that will im pact all businesses in a country and Micro Analysis is an analysis of governmental regulations and policies that affect a specific sector of on economy or market such as the auto industryRead MoreThe Tata Nano Case1037 Words   |  5 PagesTo: Mr. Ratan Tata, Chairman TATA Group of companies, India From: ------------------------------------------------- Date: Fall 2008 The issue that TATA Motors Inc. is facing right now is to predict the viability of the Project Nano. 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Tata Motors is gearing up for the globalRead MoreTata Motors Increase in Its Global Footprint Essay580 Words   |  3 Pagescompanies, Tata Motors are part of the Tata Group a sprawling conglomerate with a presence across many industries. Chiquita Brands International Inc. is the global market leaders in producing, distributing, and marketer of bananas (Chiquita story). Chiquita’s global expansion came from acquiring existing businesses. Through subsidiaries and associate companies, Tata Motors increased its global footprint operations in the UK, South Korea, Thailand, Spain, South Africa and Indonesia (Tata Motors). Tata MotorsRead MoreA Report On Tata Motors1540 Words   |  7 PagesI. Core Problem / Issue Tata Motors has continued to increase its presence in the car industry throughout Asia and the world, but especially in their home country of India. From their goal of providing innovative affordable products for the masses, they have expanded from commercial vehicles into passenger cars, becoming India’s largest automobile company. As part of their global expansion strategy, Tata Motors acquired Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) in 2008, which allowed them to move into the higher endRead MoreThe Founding And Early Evolution Of Tata Company1689 Words   |  7 Pagesfounding and early evolution of Tata Company? Tata was found originally as a textile trading company in Mumbai by Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata in 1868 much to his family’s dislike since they represented a long line of Parsi Zoroastrian priests. Tata’s family wanted him to carry out the family tradition and join the priesthood, but Jamsetji was nonconforming to the wishes of his family and he followed his own dreams of becoming a business man. Jamsetji began his business career with the following goalsRead MoreNano Tata1335 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿SYNOPSIS The   case illustrates the   opportunities, challenges   and trade-offs involved   in the   design, prototyping and marketing   of the   Nano —   the   so-called people’s   car   —   by Tata   Motors   Ltd.   (TML), a   Tata   Group company. The case takes place nine months after the company’s chairman, Ratan Tata, launched the Nano, on January 10, 2008, at   the 9th Auto   Expo in Pragati Maidan,   an exhibition center in   New Delhi, India. The case   asks   students to   take   the position   of   Ravi Kant,  Read MorePresentation on Tata Nano Car1647 Words   |  7 PagesPresentation On Tata Nano - Presentation Transcript 1. Presentation On Tata Nano 2. Introduction Of Tata Nano o â€Å" Dream-dream and dream, because dream gives vision, vision gives thoughts and finally thoughts lead to the actionquot;. Each letter of these motivational words said by Indiaapos;s former President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam goes exactly with Mr. Ratan Tata, Chairman of Tata group, who in the year 2003, dreamt of producing a safe, affordable Car for the common man. Finally after theRead MoreCase Analysis – Ratan Tata: Leading the Tata Group Into the 21st  Century Due: April 16th, 20111313 Words   |  6 PagesCase Analysis – Ratan Tata: Leading the Tata Group into the 21st  Century Due: April 16th, 2011 In this essay I will discuss Tata’s Motor’s Company and Ratan Tata’s leadership approach on leading the Tata group in the 21st century. Ratan Tata faced benefits as well as challenges to streamlining the business and dealing with the companies he had acquired for more than 50 years. There were more trials during his management span however; he was a leader that served as inspiration and a role model

American Values and The Lion King - 1010 Words

American values are among the attributes which make a person who they are. Many fail to understand them, there are the standards used to define these ‘values.’ American values are an individual’s belief system set over time, the decisions they make in their life, their morals and what it means to be an American citizen. Few of these notable values that Americans have stayed true to are present in the Disney film, The Lion King. The film itself may dismiss to be nothing more than a childhood fairy tale; however, it reflects much of how American Values are seen in the arts today. Modern day American citizens are categorically indulged in the lifestyle obsession of ‘the American dream,’ being driven by what they see on television, hear on the radio, read in magazines/newspapers, and in other forms of media. Mary McMahon, author of â€Å"What is the ‘American Dream?’ defines the American Dream to essentially be â€Å"an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life (McMahon 1).† This belief has the power to infiltrate itself into a persons life, taking control of them and their actions substantially. After some time, a persons hopes and dreams can become scrambled by confusion in their beliefs, these beliefs are then replaced by influences in what they see, hear, or read. The Lion King is an example of this influence in beliefs, being intended for young children to teach them about growing up in a way thatShow MoreRelatedQuestionable Social Messages Spread by Disney864 Words   |  3 Pagesvulnerable to the powers of the media. Disney movies are also a vehicle for spreading cultural notions, such as racism. This medium opens an avenue where children can be indoctrinated and pass questionable values on to following generations. Walt Disney shows us how his strong feelings and or values shown in his films were all meant in a good way. â€Å"Our heritage and ideals, our codes and standards - the things we live by and teach our children - are preserved or diminished by how freely we exchange ideasRead More Criteria for Evaluating Media Violence Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesviewers, is violence critical to the success of the industry, does violence have aesthetic value, who decides what is violent, and if something is found to be violent, should it be banned? By going beyond Doles speech to carefully examine these questions, it is found that regardless of its effects on younger viewers, violence in film should be unhindered due to its benefit to its industry, its entertainment value, and the fact that the definitions of the term cannot be agreed on by the parties involvedRead MoreThe Jazz Age, By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumer spending and the young adult population started to leave traditional values behind in exchange for individualism. In an effort by religious groups to decrease immorality, criminality, and unpatriotic citizenship, the Eighteenth Amendment went into effect in January of 1920, prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The new policy, though opposite of what it was intended for, drove Americans into underground speakeasies, where popular jazz was played into the wee hoursRead MoreRastafari Essay1605 Words   |  7 Pageswho was a black, Jamaican nationalists, prophet to many Jamaicans and visionary, preached a message of black supremacy and initiated the â€Å" Back to Africa† movement calling for all blacks to return home to Africa. Garvey proclaimed that a new black king would soon rise out of Africa to deliver all Africans from their oppressions all over the world. This prophecy was fulfilled at the time of the coronation of Haile Selassie I as Emperor of Ethiopia. The coming of the first Rastas, A s hortened versionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Disneyfication Of Broadway 1416 Words   |  6 Pagesshows are cleaner. Scholars have titled this the â€Å"Disneyfication of Broadway†(Wollman 445). Disney’s presence on Broadway remains virtually impossible to deny; however critics wonder whether what exactly this â€Å"Disneyfication† means for the future of American theatre. This essay follows the conversation surrounding Disney’s â€Å" Broadway takeover† as it pertains to both the phenomenon’s commercial and artistic impact. The Walt Disney Company’s introduction to Broadway occurred in 1994 as a result of MayorRead MoreSummary : Ruler Of The Jungle 1175 Words   |  5 Pages Ruler of the Jungle What strictly makes the lion the ruler of the jungle? I have perceived it all my existence, but I am not even certain if lions are the toughest animals. Lion is recognized to be the King of Beasts throughout most cultures of the circle. This is mostly because of a lion’s form and partly because of the social structure of a pride and the lion’s role in the pride. A lion lives in the open and wheels its territory like a true king, and bearing a vanity that feeds him. Similar toRead MoreEssay on The Cheetah: Built for Speed1173 Words   |  5 Pagesmore like greyhounds than typical cats, cheetahs are adapted for brief but intense bursts of speed (Smithsonian). In Africa, everyone head to the lion’s cage expecting to see the lions because they are the king of Africa as the movie, â€Å"The Lion King† describes. However, because cheetahs are the fastest land animals, lions can not compete with it, and cheetahs have many features that any other animal does not have, when the people visits Africa, they should go straight to the cheetah’s cage. All ofRead MoreAmerican Rhetoric : Obama And Martin Luther King Jr.1481 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Rhetoric: Barack Obama Martin Luther King Jr. Barack Obama and Martin Luther King Jr. each deal with the issues of race and the African American struggle in their respective works. Both leaders use a combination of many rhetorical techniques in their arguments to make them more poignant and convincing. The two men make extremely strong and effective arguments that often rely on pathetic appeals to connect to their audience s values. However, Obama focuses more on an ethicalRead MoreRichard Cory s The Title1493 Words   |  6 Pagesas opposed to a single individual. As the poem repeatedly indicates with the pronoun â€Å"we,† the people of the town are the poems speakers and they narrate the events of the poem. Obviously, they are working-class citizens who have little of material value and sometimes can’t afford meat to put on their tables in the second line of the last stanza. They admire Richard Cory because of his possessions and his elegant demeanour, while also envying him because he seems to have everything he could possiblyRead MoreDisneys affect on our Children and Culture1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthese movies are good for children, that they promote stimulation of the imagination, and contain them in an aura of innocence. The relevance of these films, however, crosses the boundary of being just entertainment. They are teaching children certain values and roles at least as much as any other traditional institution of learning such as ones family, school, or religion might. And the ideological messages presented in these films have a negative effect on children. Childrens films are especially

Happiness and Money Free Essays

Money has become one of the main things In our modern life. Some people live their lives to earn money. They work hard, trying to earn as much money as they can. We will write a custom essay sample on Happiness and Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of them become crazy about It and lose their dlgnlty hunting money. They dont appreciate such Important things as family, friendship, love and other feelings. Such people become greedy, they spend their lives in loneliness. I don’t deny that money influences our life a lot. As W. S. Maugham said † Money is like the sixth feeling ithout which you cannot make a complete use of the other five. I quite agree. A person can’t be happy if he has no money to satisfy his natural needs. But I think that money should have a limit. A person shouldn’t have too much money. It begins destroying him and becomes his curse. It is said in the Bible that â€Å"The love of money is the root of all evil. † Yes, big sums of money really bring dfferent problems because people feel very envious and Jealous of other’s fortune. The majority of all the crimes are made because of money. I’m among the people who consider that money Is not ll-powerful. Humanity, dignity, intelligence, kindness and other good qualltles of a person can’t be bought for money. We’ll never be able to buy pure love, real friendship and loving and caring family. But life Isnt worth living without these things. It’s not worth living if money has become the point of it either. 9HAeKC. AnpeKT Can Money Buy Happiness Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, In their minds, money can bring omfort, security, and so on. Money, as they think. Is the source of happiness. But there are still a lot of others who think that money Is the root of all evil. Money drives people to steal, to rob, and to break the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in the Western countries, there is nothing that can t be bought by money. Many people lose their own lives when hunting it. I think that money is essential to life and we cannot do without money. But even though money is necessary to life, it can t buy happiness. Happiness s not something that can be measured by money. It is a state of mind. One can have plenty of money, with which he can buy whatever he wants, and at the same time he is not happy because he is never satisfied or he is troubled by various kinds of problems. Therefore, although money is necessary for a happy life, it can t buy happiness. People usually dont think too much about the meaning of money. The only Idea and concern Is to make more than they usually have. Of course having money Is a good thing because they give us the possibility to satisfy our needs and desires. People they don’t usually think too much, the waste it buying expensive cars, eating out or buying expensive things Just for being in fashion. Yet, money has a certain feature â€Å"to come† easier to those who treat it well. Money tends to go to those who can use it in the most productive way to produce useful services and valuable goods and who has the ability to invest the in a profitable economical field. At the same time money uses to flow away from those who don’t have the habit to use them in a profitable way. I think everyone should learn to save money and to invest it in rder to gain more. If we know the value of money we can easily manage it. It becomes a habit that leads to a successful life and career. The more effective period for learning the value of money is childhood because children usually don’t value money because they don’t know how much effort their parents put in their work in order to earn a certain some of money. Thus, parents are responsible for showing the real value of money when their kids are still small, than it will be much easier for them to value money without being even told about this. How to cite Happiness and Money, Papers

West Coast Jazz

Introduction In the 1950s and the 1960s a new form of jazz music was invented in Los Angeles. It was referred to as West Coast jazz and it primarily developed as a variation of cool jazz (a type of modern jazz that grew up during the Second World War period). The music was also seen as an evolution of bop jazz though it contained some aspects of swing that had overtime been discarded or summarily overlooked. Most of the recordings in the genre were characterized by a heavy arrangement of the music which usually came with a formal composition.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on West Coast Jazz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there were experimental tracks that had success with audiences and which ended up being classified under West Coast jazz. This essay seeks to analyze the development of West Coast jazz as well as to evaluate the appropriateness of the names allotted to this genre of music. To this end v arious forms of literature, both electronic and print, shall be consulted in order to provide a proper scholarly background to the discussion. The evolution of jazz leading to the birth of West Coast jazz In the period following the end of WWII, jazz as an independent genre of music went through intense transformations. This went in tandem with the other socio-cultural changes, including the birth of the civil rights movement, that were taking place in the post-war era. Around this time jazz broke down into the bop, Hard Bop and Cool sub-genres[1]. Of even more importance is that with this split, jazz also acquired classification into two camps-the West Coast and the East Coast. Musicians from the two coastal camps also relied on two particular record labels-one from each camp-to do most of their tracks. The Los Angeles Pacific Jazz label handled the West Coast musicians while the Blue Note Records produced the East Coast jazz[2]. The West Coast jazz was mainly identified by a relax ing sound as compared to its Eastern counterpart which was faster and had more intensity. It had some kind of laid back swing touch to it and most of the followers of the style commonly referred to it as cool jazz. This sound was easy to the ears and it had the effect of giving the listener a relaxed feeling. The West Coast Sound was easily accessible to the public and as it received immense airplay in Los Angeles radio stations and clubs. Aside from the differences in sound between the West coast and the East Coast jazz, there were basic racial elements of distinction between the two sub-genres[3]. West Coast jazz was mainly Caucasian-led while the East Coast had a distinct African-American composition and following. Music by West Coast musicians such as Curtis Amy and Teddy Edwards had some a characteristic gospel touch whose origin could be traced all the way to Africa[4]. The entry of West Coast jazz into the music scene was not sudden. This is because it mainly stemmed and evol ved from styles that had already established a presence in the United States. Even with its uniqueness, keen followers could easily tell that West Coast jazz was an amalgamation of various musical genres and sounds. The classification of the West Coast sound placed all musicians from the genre into one group and this had the eventual effect of establishing and maintaining harmony to the sound.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The swing period Before the advent of West Coast jazz the American musical scene was defined by two typical sounds; these were Big Band and Swing. A basic swing band was made up of a minimum of ten members, classified under the saxophone, the brass and the rhythm sections[5]. Proponents of the Swing sound from the West Coast included Stan Kenton, Woody Herman and Herb Geller[6]. Their music helped give solace to most people during the war period. Stan Kenton was a renowned pianist and his influence had a global aura to it. He was among the first individuals to experiment with the Big Band format as well as flirting with the pre-existing boundaries of Swing. His boldness was well received and he found admirers among many of the up-coming young talent. His involvement in modern music greatly influenced the changes happening to modern jazz, particularly in terms of performing with orchestra-type bands with some of them having more than forty members. The bands were well sectioned with a clear distinction between the wind and the string. This innovation marked the beginning of free jazz. Over the years, a number of musicians went through Kenton’s band and later parted to establish independent bands. However, they all credited Kenton as their discernible role model and key influence. Much later these Kenton students alongside other swing greats such as Wardell Gray invented two new jazz sub-genres; Bop and Cool[7]. Players in the West Coast post swing era Once the Second World War came to an end, most musicians found it necessary to embrace new styles of music. Many of them experimented with various combinations and son Bop and Cool were taking over the place of Swing. However, as other musicians were eager to embrace changes two artistes remained committed to Swing in its traditional form. These were Cy Touff and Bob Brookmeyer. Touff’s compositions touched on various themes established by various bandleaders in New Orleans. His music gave Swing jazz a vastly unique identity since it brought in elements from the Chicago music scene where the musician originally came from. Brookmeyer was born in Kansas City and was introduced to the music scene as a pianist in the army band. Later he picked up the trombone and found a place in various swing bands most notably playing alongside Woody Herman. In 1954 he linked up with Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker to create a brand new sound. Even with his contribution to i nnovative sounds, Mulligan’s heart still remained with traditional Swing and this even led him to create the nostalgic album, Traditionalism Revisited. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on West Coast Jazz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The West Coast Bop As most of the West Coast Jazz musicians were experimenting with different elements of Bop and Cool, the counterparts from the East Coast decided to follow new musical paths leading to the advent of Hard Bop (sometimes referred to as Soul-Jazz). These musicians decided to break away from conventional music ties and played around with the space they were given. The Hard Bop movement was distinguishable by the input of guitarists Grant Green and George Benson, saxophonists Eddie Harris and Cannonball Aderly and Pianists Jimmy Smith and Horace silver[8]. Hard Bop found its primary following in the East Coast. However, there were a few musicians from the West C oast who embraced it fully. One of these artistes was Teddy Edwards who went against his region’s attachment to swing to work alongside Dexter Gordon to create the unique Los Angeles Bop. This was around the same time when the big bands that hitherto characterized the music scene were abandoned for solo performances. The birth of Cool jazz The entry of bop (also known as Bebop) heralded the decline of swing. This transformation mainly happened in the East Coast through the work of such musicians as Max Roach and Charlie Parker. As the East Coast was getting excited about the fast paced sounds and the stretched solos, the West Coast musicians were exploring harmonic possibilities through the integration of bop elements in their compositions to come u with the unique Cool sound. Cool  jazz was characterized by a combination of swing and various experiments with various chordal progressions. One of the musicians from the West Coast who had a primary hand in the development of Cool jazz was Dave Brubeck. Alongside East Coast’s Miles Davis, Brubeck released landmark recordings to mark the maturation of a new genre of jazz. The â€Å"Cool† movement found grounding in the Los Angeles jazz scene with most of the greatest Cool jazz musicians coming from the West Coast[9]. Below are some of the musicians who contributed to the popularization of the Cool style. Bill Perkins Bill Perkins was born in San Fransico but later relocated to Los Angeles where he did a stint in Stan Kenton’s band. He teamed up with fellow musicians from the West Coast including Bob Cooper and Jack Montrose to act as a primary head in the growth of the Cool sound. However, most of the popular Bill Perkin’s tracks are the ones he did with Kenton, with some of them being as popular today as they were during the time that they were originally released.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bud Shank Bud Shank was raised in Ohio and then relocated to California after dropping out from college. He performed with several bands, most of which broke up in their early days. During this time he managed to learn how to play the flute. This, coupled with his skill in the Saxophone gave him an edge against fellow instrument players. In between the period 1950 and 1951 he joined Stan Kenton’s band where he managed to make a name in the Cool genre of jazz music. Alongside Bob Cooper, Shank managed to give the oboe and the flute a place in jazz music. Jack Montrose Jack Montrose was born in Detroit Michigan but he moved to California during his teens[10]. Having graduated with a degree in music from the Los Angeles State College in the 1953, Montrose channeled his focus to music and his experimentation with different genres of music helped him make a name for himself as one of the most influential artistes in West Coast jazz[11]. Unfortunately for Jack, he became addicted t o heroine and most of the bands he played with found him a liability and cut him loose. He later underwent rehabilitation but by the time he was back in control, changes had taken place in the music scene and his style was no longer being appreciated. This is the reason why he is among the influential but forgotten heroes of West Coast jazz. West Coast Jazz Key musicians-Gerry Mulligan and Chet Baker The West Coast sound had very many followers. Saxophonist Gerry Mulligan and trumpeter Chet Baker, being the first musicians to work under the Pacific Jazz production level, turned out to be some of the most influential individuals in the development of the sound[12]. The entry of Mulligan into the music scene was some kind of defining moment as far as the West Coast movement was concerned. His contribution was greatly appreciated mainly because he was able to borrow from elements from East Coast owing to his constant contact with Miles Davis as well as drawing from his background as he originally came from New York. Chet Baker who originally came from Oklahoma also played a clear role in the development of the Pacific Jazz sound. The Mulligan-Baker influence on jazz scene was not initially anticipated primarily because the two were struggling artists when they first met. Mulligan had hitch hiked from New York while Baker had been a poor Dixieland trumpeter. However, it was instant chemistry when the duo created a clean swinging sound. Their immediate success was characterized by imitation by young musicians as well as by the migration in droves of musical talent into Los Angeles. The appropriateness of the geographical title â€Å"West Coast jazz† The tag West Coast jazz when identifying the particular type of jazz being performed in Los Angeles may not clearly present the intention of the branding. This is because the growth of jazz in the period after the Second World War depended on a fusion of styles from both the East and West Coasts. The title  "West Coast jazz† basically implies that the type of jazz being referred to originally sprang up in the regions around Los Angeles. However, as has been illustrated in this essay, the genre that is currently referred to as West Coast jazz was simply a combination of various jazz elements-some of which were primarily invented and popularized in the East Coast. Aside from this, most of the notable artists in the West Coast had roots from the East Coast and therefore brought in elements from their home regions into the Los Angeles Music Scene. As a matter of fact, it is definitely clear that West Coast jazz borrowed more from the East Coast as compared to what jazz in New York borrowed from the West Coast. However, it is without a doubt that both Coasts had their role to play in the music industry and most of them left their mark with their releases. Conclusion West Coast jazz was a fundamentally vibrant element of the United States music scene. However, because its advent happen ed around the time when more popular genres were developing in New York, this item of jazz development often tends to be overlooked. With the artists in New York following new directions when it came to jazz, those in Los Angeles chose to stick with the Swing from which they drew a number of closely related variations. However, it is definitely clear that both the New York and Los Angeles aspects of jazz growth had a significant effect in the general development of the genre. Both the East and West coasts produced exceptional performers whose impact continues to be felt in modern-day music. Reference List Gioia, T, West Coast jazz: Modern jazz in California, 1945-1960, University of California Press, California, 1998 Waters, K, H, Martin, Essential jazz: the first 100 years, Cengage Learning, Connecticut, 2008 Footnotes T, Gioia, West Coast jazz: Modern jazz in California, 1945-1960, University of California Press, California, 1998, p.176 Gioia, pp.56, 195-196 Gioia, p.52 K, Water s, H, Martin, Essential jazz: the first 100 years, Cengage Learning, Connecticut, 2008, p.169 Gioia, p.210 Waters Martin, p.87 Gioia, p.51 Waters Martin, p.167 Gioia, p.176 Gioia, p.295 ibid. Waters Martin, pp.160-161 This essay on West Coast Jazz was written and submitted by user Barracuda to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Civil Right after 1964 essays

Civil Right after 1964 essays Conservatism (1980s Style)- the principles and practices of the Conservative party in United Kingdom. Irangate- a big scandal that was compared to Richard Nixons Watergate scandal, but it raised more troubling issues. It was significant, because it left the role of the president unexplained during the summer of 1987. Mikhail Gorbachev- In 1970 he was elected to the USSR Supreme Soviet; from 1971 till 1991 Gorbachev was a member of the Communist Party Central Committee. He is significant, because he was the last leader in communist party, he symbolizes the end of the communism. Persian Gulf War- a war in which Iran and Iraq had battered each other in a debilitating war. It was significant, because Iraq won a narrow victory over Irans fundamentalism. Anita Hill- a law professor who polarized Senate hearings on the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court when she accused her former boss of sexual harassment. She was significant, because womens groups were disturbed that the all-made Judiciary Committee had at first kept her allegations private. Elections of 1992-As the election campaign of 1992 began, the incumbent President, George Bush, held a commanding lead in the polls, over any and all potential rivals. It was important because it left the fate of the conservative revolution unresolved. New Immigration- The 6.5 million immigrants who arrived between 1990 and 1998 accounted for 32 percent of the increase in the total U.S. population. It was significant because the reform of the old quota system opened the way for a wave of immigrants unequaled since the beginning of the century. Bill Gates- is chairman and chief software architect of Microsoft Corporation, the worldwide leader in software, services and Internet technologies for personal and business computing. It is important, because Microsoft had revenues of $25.3 billion for the fiscal year ending June 2001, and emplo ...

Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Katydids, Order Orthoptera

Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Katydids, Order Orthoptera If youve walked through the grass on a warm summer day, youve likely encountered members of the order Orthopterathe grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids. Orthoptera means straight wings, but these insects would be better named for their characteristic jumping legs. Description Crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids undergo incomplete or gradual metamorphosis. Nymphs look similar to mature adults but lack fully-developed wings. Powerful hind legs, built for jumping, characterize the Orthopteran insects. The muscular legs propel grasshoppers and other members of the order for distances up to 20 times their body lengths. Insects in the order Orthoptera are known for more than their jumping skills, however. Many are accomplished singers as well. Males of some species attract mates by producing sounds with their legs or wings. This form of sound production is called stridulation and involves rubbing the upper and lower wings or the hind leg and wing together to create a vibration. When males call for mates using sounds, those species must also have ears. Dont look at the head to find them, however. Grasshoppers have auditory organs on the abdomen, while crickets and katydids listen using their front legs. Orthopterans are usually described as herbivores, but in truth, many species will scavenge other dead insects in addition to feeding on plants. The order Orthoptera is subdivided into two groupsEnsifera, the long-horned insects (with long antennae), and Caelifera, the short-horned insects. Habitat and Distribution Members of the order Orthoptera exist in terrestrial habitats throughout the world. Though often associated with fields and meadows, there are Orthopteran species that prefer caves, deserts, bogs, and seashores. Worldwide, scientists have described over 20,000 species in this group. Major Families in the Order Gryllidae - true or field cricketsAcrididae - short-horned grasshoppersTetrigidae - grouse locusts or pygmy grasshoppersGryllotalpidae - mole cricketsTettigoniidae - long-horned grasshoppers and katydids Orthopterans of Interest Oecanthus fultoni, the snowy tree cricket, chirps the temperature. Count the number of chirps in 15 seconds and add 40 to get the temperature in Fahrenheit.Ant crickets of the subfamily Myrmecophilidae live within ant nests and are wingless.Large lubber grasshoppers (family Romaleidae) raise their hindwings when threatened and produce a foul-smelling liquid from pores in the thorax.The Mormon crickets (Anabrus simplex) are so named for a legend. In 1848, the first crops of Mormon settlers were threatened by a swarm of these voracious eaters, only to be eaten by a flock of gulls themselves. Sources: Insects: Their Natural History and Diversity, Stephen A. MarshallKaufman Field Guide to Insects of North America, Eric R. Eaton, and Kenn KaufmanOrthoptera - Dept. of Entomology, North Carolina State University

PROMOTION in the Merchandising Environment - Glamourflage - Part 5-10 Essay

PROMOTION in the Merchandising Environment - Glamourflage - Part 5-10 of the Project - Essay Example Glamourflage has a variety of tailor-made products which guarantee beauty, gun and joy! If you want to spice up your holiday, then you should try it out. In the current market, social media has grown to become a very critical promotional tool. Therefore, staying in contact with the clients on social media platforms will allow Glamourflage to create a personal bond and relationship with the clients. Moreover, the social media platforms will act as a communication avenue through which the clients can learn more about the products. To achieve this, three social media platforms will be used. These are Facebook, Instagram and Pinterest. Being one of the most widely used social media platform, Glamourflage will use Facebook as the primary way of socially interaction with the clients. Through Facebook, the brand can showcase its products and portray itself as a fun brand through various pictures, announcements and postings from satisfied clients. Personal videos will also be posted in the page so that client awareness is created. Clients will be encouraged to tag their friends and share the pictures and posts in the page. The Facebook page will have several options as shown below. Glamourflage will have its own Instagram page. The content in the Instagram page will be in line with what has been posted in the Facebook page. The various posts on the consumer experience, pictures of the products and the videos from the clients will also be shared on the Instagram page. By doing this, more clients will be attracted to post their pictures and share with others how the Glamourflage products has make skin caring process

RFP Requirements Interview Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RFP Requirements Interview Plan - Essay Example Scope management will then be done through a weekly review of work plan. ` For this Company to appropriately establish this, it will have to establish the weakening areas that have driven for a redesign consideration; impact of not going through the redesigned project; unforeseen success of the new project; beneficiaries of this improvement implementation; any additional information that needs to be included in the strategy if any; and to finally establish why all the above are necessary. Gadget Inc is a profit making company that needs to establish their efficiency requirements and that of their customers. This company will settle for requirements driven strategy as all their measures are geared towards making enormous turnovers and satisfying their clients too. Above and beyond, they need to compete fairly with their competitors in the available markets. This strategy focuses on identifying business requirements separately from company’s and technological limitations. Customers in the market are determined to get products worth their pay in exchange. Therefore, Gadget Inc products have to be durable, in better sizes or quantities, of varying prices for all economic classes of people (low and high classes), and better than for other competitors. In requirements-driven approach, the strategy is to gather enough information or data which will enable the project team to come up with a competent system for business solution modeling. The customer needs to have a feeling of being listened to and engaged in determining end product. Stakeholders are always part of the design and production team. Their involvement inputs production costs, managerial costs and decision making. Additionally, they gather requirements from varied perspectives (as shown in the diagram above) as settles for result driven approach to ensure that the business output meets the desired product. A requirement interview will be determined

Positive Reinforcement Vs Punishment In Enhancing Learning

Positive Reinforcement Vs Punishment In Enhancing Learning Positive reinforcement is the conveyance of a stimulus that has the preferred effect on strengthening a certain behavior while punishment is the introduction of a stimulus that has an effect of declining certain behavior. Positive reinforcement is a method applied to strengthen good deeds and do away with bad behavior in children. Positive reinforcement also instills a sense of self-worth and inspires self-belief in children. The most common forms of positive reinforcement given to children include, praising or rewarding a child which raises the child chance of cleaning his/her room. Punishment is used to refer to addition of something aversive so as to discourage the behavior. The most general case involves reprimanding a child for disobedience. The reason why the children change behavior after a punishment is that they always relate reprimanding with negative behavior. Since children fear reprimanding children therefore avoid involving in negative behavior which calls for punishments. Positive reinforcements versus punishments as means for learning Proponents of positive reinforcements argue that use of reprimanding to boost learning in children is an aversive method that is painful and uncomfortable. According to (Coon, 2005), people and conditions related with punishments have a tendency of becoming feared, disliked and relented. This aversive attitude of punishments makes it particularly poor as means used to for making children to learn. When used as a means to promote learning in children, punishments will only instill fear and children will not be willing to learn. Supporters of positive reinforcement suggest that positive attention can be used to keep improving the childrens behavior. Natrajan, (2003), argues that a parent might try to set future goals with the child and this promotes the child to learn quickly. On the contrary, punishments instill fear in the children and they develop a low regard on any goal that might be set by the parent. Natrajan, (2003), further argues that punishments cannot be used in goal setting. Positive reinforcements can work well with children by giving them tangible items or praising child for a task well done or even a hug. The children will learn to improve their behavior since they like rewards and gifts. Advocates of punishments argue that, when children get used to being rewarded with tangible items in order to involve in positive behaviors. In such a situation rewards and gifts can become a problem when they are too expensive for the parent to provide. According to Natrajan, (2003), gifts and rewards can be ineffective in promoting learning in children since children can develop an attitude that they have to be given rewards in order to perform specific tasks. In addition, advocating for a rewarding culture in children does not instill a sense of responsibility in them and children learn to perform tasks only because they expect to be paid. Advocates of positive reinforcement also argued that parents have been worried that positive attention might lead to ruining their children. However, supporters of positive reinforcement have maintained that positive attention encourages the children to yearn doing good in order to get support of parents. Proponents of positive attention, argue that rewards or commending children can ruin them only when given while not due. Proponents of positive reinforcements suggest that it would work well when a parent notices her child wrong things, by commenting something negative about the behavior. According, to Natrajan, (2003), such a comment from a parent might act as a reward for the undesirable behavior and the child will change since the children have realized the parent is not happy with the behavior. Supporters of positive reinforce also advocate for a parent to wait and notice when the child does something right and takes the opportunity to explain the wrong behavior. Proponents of positive reinforcements argue that when commending the child the focus should be on the parents feeling rather than criticizing the child. An example is when a parent notices her child assisting another child in a home care, the parent should commend the child with words such as that makes meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..proud of you.In such a situation the child feels esteemed and this promotes the good behavior. Advocates of punishments suggest that while using punishments as a means of teaching children, then, the punishments should be mild. According to, (Coon, 2005), when the punishments are too mild they can become ineffective. For instance, a child who is fond of snatching toys form her sister should not only be punished but the sister should also be congratulated for sharing toys with the others. According to, (Coon, 2005), reprimanding informs the person the response was not right but it does give the person the direction of the right thing. In circumstances that pose immediate hazard to children, like a situation where a child reaches for something hot or a picking a toy that rolls in the middle of the road, mild reprimanding will be applicable to stop disaster. Reprimanding in such circumstances works best if it produces actions that are incompatible with the response the individual wants to suppress. For instance, when a child stretches his/her hand to reach a hot stove, its best to reprimand the child by slapping the outstretched hand so that it is withdrawn immediately. Advocates of punishments argue that reprimanding lowers the possibility that a response will be repeated. According to (Coon, 2005), for punishments to be effective they need to be given after the undesired response takes place. A punishment works effectively by reducing the frequency of occurrence of the undesirable behavior. According to (Coon, 2005), the effectiveness of punishments in bringing to an end the undesirable behavior depends on their timing, strength and regularity. Reprimanding work best when it takes place when undesirable behavior is being witnessed and immediately afterwards and when it is applied each time such a response occurs. Advocates of punishments suggest that severe reprimanding following a situation that could have resulted to danger is extremely effective in bringing to an end to a behavior. For example, when a 12 year old child gets a shock by putting his/her finger in a light socket that may be the last time the child ever tries such. In many situations reprimanding on temporarily only suppress the behavior and responses restrained by mild punishments more often than not resurface. Supporters of positive reinforcements, according to Perry, (1973), argue that reprimanding cannot eliminate such vices like lying in children. Rutter, (1987), maintains that reprimanding only motivates the children to be better at lying and use the refined lying skills to other situations in which lying may advance their interests. He further adds that when children become experts in lying there is no any height of punishments that will change their behavior. According to (Rutter, 1987), use of positive reinforcement is more effective in stimulating learning in children than use of caning. For example, offering a piece of candy for a child who scores high marks on a test promotes the child to do better in future tests. In addition, use of verbal praise, such as telling the child well done my child stimulates a child to improve the performance in future tests. Advocates of punishments argue that reprimanding is stronger and lasts for a long time as compared to positive reinforcement. According to (Coon, Mitterer, 2008), in case a parent has a particular task which they wish their children to perform, and after accomplishing the task badly they are reprimanded on the other hand when they do them well they are reinforced mildly and they will accomplish the task mediocre. According to (Perry, 1973), when a parent displays discontent with the child when the accomplishment is poor then, the children are likely to change the situation. Cameron (2006), argues that the society has used punishments rather than positive reinforcements to promote desirable behavior although the results have not always been positive. Teachers have been known to reprimand children who do not complete their homework with the hope that students will be able grow a sense of accountability for their work. In addition, Cameron (2006), argues that parents condemn their childrens working routines so that they can instill high standard of success. Punishment systems have been created and maintained as means of accomplishing aims of high output, contentment with success, concern for others and so on. Use of punitive means as a means to encourage learning should not be used since reprimanding is among the main source of external have power over peoples characters. Cameron (2007), argues that since disciplinary means have resulted to serious negative effects has lead to society condemning the usage of any external form of influence. Many researchers have also condemned use of punishment as a means of learning since it involves external control of human behavior and has negative effects. Punishments should not be used as a means to promote learning since students enjoy school environment and work hard particularly when there is a properly set positive reinforce system. Children admire and enjoy learning do so without being punished. Positive reinforcement works by making children self-motivated to accomplish their goals. Advocates of positive reinforcement argue, punishments should not be used promote learning, since use of punitive systems has not been able to encourage learning but instead it has resulted to bitterness, sense of low self-worth, dissatisfaction and attempts to overthrow those in power. Cameron (2007) argues that use of disciplinary means has backfired. Typically children, learn by early interactions with the caregivers to use socially appropriate skills to meet their needs. According to Stormont et al., (2007), this pattern of communication is governed by principles of positive reinforcements. This principle of positive reinforcement demonstrates that when the character is contingently obeyed by an object or events find strengthening, they are likely to continue to use the behavior. For instance majority of the children have continued to request for an item using polite language like please and this behavior reform those who comply. Advocates positive reinforcements argue that use of punishment to enhance learning in children is an aversive method that is painful and uncomfortable. According to (Coon, 2005), people and conditions related with punishments have a tendency of becoming feared, disliked and relented. This aversive attitude of reprimanding makes it particularly poor as means used to for making children to learn. Advocates of positive reinforcements suggest that, it is among the best method of instilling a learning behavior in children. According to (Rutter, 1987), when positive reinforcements are used correctly, it can have good results in influencing children behavior. Rutter, (1987), further maintains that children adapt quickly and are willing to act in behaviors that are desired by their parents. Supporters of positive reinforcement in addition imply that use of reprimanding should be discouraged in children upbringing. Hawes Shores (2001), also support that yelling to children when they have been found involved in undesirable behavior as a form of punishment. The advocates of positive reinforcement argue that instead of yelling at childrens for wrong doing, parents should reward them when the behavior is desirable so that the rewards add to stimulate the good behavior. Advocates of punishments as a means to promote learning suggest that reprimanding should be used as a means of training when children display risky and dangerous behavior. Perry (1973), maintains that a parent cannot use positive reinforcement such as a reward to bring an end to dangerous behavior running into traffic. Use of punishment would be the best remedy to discourage such wrong behavior. Supporters of punishments have also suggested that very negative reprimanding to be effective is changing children behavior. If two children are fighting over a toy, the best remedy to bring an end to the fight over the toy would be by removing the toy (Perry, 1973). Advocates of positive reinforcement argue that among the benefits of using positive reinforcement particularly in a classroom setup is that children become more attentive and take more interest in learning. Contrary, to this when the cane is applied to reprimand wrong responses; the children develop fear of participating actively in classrooms. Hawes, Shores (2001), maintain that when children are commended or rewarded with touchable items for right answers they develop desire to learn and enhanced participation in classroom. Advocates of positive reinforcements argue against using punishments as a mode of instilling behavioral change in children. Rutter (1987) suggests that positive reinforcement is a better psychological means of bring out behavior change in children and at the same time its simpler to utilize. According to (Perry, 1973), parents are required to weigh the consequences of using punishments and those of positive reinforce and then make the best choice. My own view is that I support the use punishment when children engage in wrong behaviors. According to the Bible spare the rod and spoil the child suggests that children should be reprimanded in order to stop undesirable behavior. Considerable punishment need to be applied to bring about behavioral change. The timing and intensity of the punishments should be dependent upon specific stimulus expected from children. For example, if a parent finds a 12 year putting objects in power socket, the child should be reprimanded and informed of hazards of electricity. The choices of whether to use positive reinforcement or punishments depend on the parent or the caregiver.

The Arabian Nights: The Porter and the Three Ladies of Baghdad

â€Å"Curiosity kills the cat† as the old saying goes. The same thing did happen in the story The Porter and the Three Ladies of Baghdad. Curiosity of the men who entered the house of the three ladies of Baghdad put their lives at risk by trying to know what they are not supposed to know. Although there had been a sworn statement between the ladies and the men, the latter broke the contract and faced the consequences. However, curiosity, if done correctly, can also be a source of something better than expected. The Porter and the Three Ladies in Baghdad In the story, seven men were in the ladies’ house. They were a porter, a Caliph and his companions (Wazir and swordsman), and the three Kalandars. At first, the men and the ladies were merry-making. Moments later, there came two bitches chained on their neck that the eldest of the ladies slapped and tortured in front of the men. This aroused interest from the men but they just let it pass. Later on, they saw the portress (one of the ladies) playing the lute but to their surprise, she reacted terribly and passed out after tearing her dress. The men saw the marks of the rod and whip in her back and again it added to their curiosity. It happened three times and the men were greatly astounded save the Caliph’s minister. They reacted, thinking that they can easily overpower the ladies, and caught the ladies’ attention. The eldest asked about the commotion and the porter was tasked to tell the truth: they wanted to know what’s going on. But the ladies and the men had agreed beforehand that they must not talk things that are not of their concern least, they face the unpleasant. To the ladies’ command, 7 huge white and black men came out of the closet and tied the men. Now, because of curiosity, they had their lives in danger. Being curious can be both beneficial and risky. â€Å"Curiosity kills the cat† as the old saying goes. In this case, the men, especially the Kalandars, ended risking their lives because of their curiosity. We can blame them because they failed to comply with the contract. They were already told that they must not talk about things they’re not concerned with and they agreed. The men should have listened and did as what they were supposed to do. However, curiosity had been beneficial in the sense that it created chaos in the story. If the men didn’t react, the story would have been boring. Also, another good thing is that it lengthened the story. The characters involved, especially the Kalandars and the ladies, ended sharing their stories. References The Porter and the Three Ladies of Baghdad. Retrieved November 7, 2007, from http://xahlee.org/p/arabian_nights/an5.html

Animal Production And Its Effect On The Climate Change

Livestock production needs to change in order to Prevent Climate Change According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) there is a scientific consensus that the earths climate id being affected by human activities. The IPCC s conclusion is that most of the observed warming of the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. (McCarthy 2001, p.21) . â€Å"Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise† (National Academy Press 2001, p. 1). Due to the rise in temperature the climate change has lead to that almost all of the glaciers in the world are now melting, which in turn leads to rises in sea levels (Gore 2006, p.48). In the future this will lead to a serious shortage of drinking water (Gore 2006, p. 58). The production, transport and processing of food products have significant environmental impacts that contributes to climate change (Gonzalez, Frostell Carlsson-Kanyama 2011, p. 562). This essay aims emphasize what changes that need to be implemented in regards to livestock on a global scale in order to prevent climate change. According to the FAO the Livestock sector acts as one of the top two most significant contributors to environmental problems, at every scale from local to global. Livestock on its own contributes to problems of land degradation, climate change, air pollution waterShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Climate Change: Agriculture and Livestock1078 Words   |  5 Pages Climate change is one of the major issues surfacing earth over the past century. The earth’s temperature has increased over the years leading to detrimental effects on the economic and life sources of people, especially that of agricultural production and livestock. 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Furthermore, because of the large scale of climate change, the consequencesRead MoreEssay on Ways Birds Are Harmed1117 Words   |  5 PagesSome birds have become extinct or are close to extinction due to harmful activities. Birds are mostly affected by oil spills, climate change, and pollutants. The environment of Earth such as plants and animals are harmed by air pollution. Occasionally it is the pollutants that produce the environmental damage. But sometimes they merge and alter the assets that plants and animals need to survive like water, soil, and nutrients. Air pollutant like sulfuric acid mix with the water molecules that clouds

Biology Prefixes and Suffixes -ase

The suffix -ase is used to signify an enzyme. In enzyme naming, an enzyme is denoted by adding -ase to the end of the name of the substrate on which the enzyme acts. It is also used to identify a particular class of enzymes that catalyze a specific type of reaction. Below, find some examples of words ending in -ase, along with a breakdown of different root words in their name and their definition. Examples Acetylcholinesterase (acetyl-cholin-ester-ase): This nervous system enzyme, also present in muscle tissue and red blood cells, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It functions to inhibit the stimulation of muscle fibers. Amylase (amyl-ase): Amylase is a digestive enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of starch into sugar. It is produced in salivary glands and the pancreas. Carboxylase (carboxyl-ase): This class of enzymes catalyze the release of carbon dioxide from certain organic acids. Collagenase (collagen-ase): Collagenases are enzymes that degrade collagen. They function in wound repair and are used to treat some connective tissue diseases. Dehydrogenase (de-hydrogen-ase): Dehydrogenase enzymes promote the removal and transfer of hydrogen from one biological molecule to another. Alcohol dehydrogenase, found abundantly in the liver, catalyzes the oxidation of alcohol to aid in alcohol detoxification. Deoxyribonuclease (de-oxy-ribo-nucle-ase): This enzyme degrades DNA by catalyzing the breaking of phosphodiester bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA. It is involved in the destruction of DNA that occurs during apoptosis (programmed cell death). Endonuclease (endo-nucle-ase): This enzyme breaks bonds within nucleotide chains of DNA and RNA molecules. Bacteria use endonucleases to cleave DNA from invading viruses. Histaminase (histamin-ase): Found in the digestive system, this enzyme catalyzes the removal of the amino group from histamine. Histamine is released during an allergic reaction and promotes an inflammatory response. Histaminase inactivates histamine and is used in the treatment of allergies. Hydrolase (hydro-lase): This class of enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of a compound. In hydrolysis, water is used to break chemical bonds and split compounds into other compounds. Examples of hydrolases include lipases, esterases, and proteases. Isomerase (isomer-ase): This class of enzymes catalyzes reactions that structurally rearrange the atoms in a molecule changing it from one isomer to another. Lactase (lact-ase): Lactase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose. This enzyme is found in high concentrations in the liver, kidneys, and mucous lining of the intestines. Ligase (lig-ase): Ligase is a type of enzyme that catalyzes the joining together of molecules. For example, DNA ligase joins DNA fragments together during DNA replication. Lipase (lip-ase): Lipase enzymes break down fats and lipids. An important digestive enzyme, lipase converts triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. Lipase is produced mainly in the pancreas, mouth, and stomach. Maltase (malt-ase): This enzyme converts the disaccharide maltose to glucose. It is produced in the intestines and used in the digestion of carbohydrates. Nuclease (nucle-ase): This group of enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds between nucleotide bases in nucleic acids. Nucleases split DNA and RNA molecules and are important for DNA replication and repair. Peptidase (peptid-ase): Also called protease, peptidase enzymes break peptide bonds in proteins, thereby forming amino acids. Peptidases function in the digestive system, immune system, and blood circulatory system. Phospholipase (phospho-lip-ase): The conversion of phospholipids to fatty acids by the addition of water is catalyzed by a group of enzymes called phospholipases. These enzymes play an important role in cell signaling, digestion, and cell membrane function. Polymerase (polymer-ase): Polymerase is a group of enzymes that builds polymers of nucleic acids. These enzymes make copies of DNA and RNA molecules, which is required for cell division and protein synthesis. Ribonuclease (ribo-nucle-ase): This class of enzymes catalyzes the break down of RNA molecules. Ribonucleases inhibit protein synthesis, promote apoptosis, and protect against RNA viruses. Sucrase (sucr-ase): This group of enzymes catalyzes the decomposition of sucrose to glucose and fructose. Sucrase is produced in the small intestine and aids in the digestion of sugar. Yeasts also produce sucrase. Transcriptase (transcript-ase): Transcriptase enzymes catalyze DNA transcription by producing RNA from a DNA template. Some viruses (retroviruses) have the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which makes DNA from an RNA template. Transferase (transfer-ase): This class of enzymes aids in the transfer of a chemical group, such as an amino group, from one molecule to another. Kinases are examples of transferase enzymes that transfer phosphate groups during phosphorylation.

Learning Project Bipolar Disorder - 1666 Words

Learning Project: Bipolar Disorder Brianna Parker Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania Learning Project: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a very intense disorder and many people struggle with dealing with it on a day to day basis. According to the A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia (2013), bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that can affect your behavior, emotions, and wellness. Bipolar disorder symptoms are more severe than a personal just experiencing a bad day. They consistently interfere with a person’s everyday life. They can vary in intensity, from damaging previously healthy relationships, to thinking about committing suicide. Not all cases of bipolar disorder are the same in that some cases are more severe than†¦show more content†¦Because of this, there are two main types of bipolar disorder, bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. Bipolar I disorder is the most common type out of the two disorders. As it states in the textbook Abnormal Psychology: Clinical and Scientific Perspectives (2014), the main difference between the two disorders is that bipolar I has the occurrence of a manic episode throughout the course of the disorder. A manic episode can be described as the person be very talkative at a fast pace, easily distracted, reckless behavior and lack of self control, little need for sleep, and elated. A person with bipolar I disorder can have a lack of self-control which can lead to a very dangerous sex life by engaging in unprotected sexual activity with multiple partners, or even obtaining a drug addiction. On the other end of the spectrum, there are occurrences of depressed episodes that are experienced by people with both bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. Depressed episodes can be characterized by the person being in a bad mood or experiencing sadness daily. Feeling fatigued, having difficulty concentrating, not remembering things easily, and eating problems can stem from depressed episodes. Individuals may also experience a sense of hopelessness that can potentially lead to the attempt or even carr ying out suicide. Hypomanic episodes are also experienced by individuals with both bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. These

Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell Free Essays

Compare and contrast the role of and function of judges, lawyers and lay people within the English courts Lay people are individuals with no legal training from a variety of backgrounds which is said to be used to promote an equal society. The role of Magistrates and Jurors are similar in ways of characteristics needed; for example both must be aged 18-70 and those who are in the police or have previous criminal convictions are ruled out. The selection process is however very different, the Lord Chancellor will appoint lay magistrates on behalf of the queen whereas jurors are selected by an electoral register for the area in which the court is situated and is done by a computer at the Central Summoning Bureau. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lay Magistrates are unpaid, part time volunteers whereas jurors are also unpaid but may be unwilling however failure to attend can result in prosecution or a fine. Magistrates can claim a small allowance and compensation for lost earnings. Both parties make their decision based on facts, such as guilt or innocence in trials whereby the difference is that Magistrates can sentence the defendant whereas jurors cannot. Both are used in the right for a †trial by our peers†, ordinary people with experience of real life situations. Jurors will serve for a period of usually two weeks as apposed to Magistrates who will serve part time for different periods of time. Although lay magistrates and district judges do a very similar job there are many differences between how they work, their qualifications and employment. Lay magistrates, otherwise known as Justice of the Peace sit in magistrate’s courts, generally in groups of three, whereas judges usually sit alone. 1999 there were 90, of whom about 20% were women, whereas there are an almost equal number of men and women magistrates, showing that judges are not a mirror image of trial by ones peers such as lay people. Judges are members of the professional judiciary who are legally qualified and salaried, working full time whereas the lay magistrate and jury are not paid and work part time/ a period of two weeks. Judges have practised for at least 7 years as a barrister or a solicitor. One way to become a solicitor is have ‘A’ levels and go onto a Law degree then do 1 year on a legal practice course, then do a 2 year training period. One way to be a barrister is to do a Law degree then become a member of an Inn court and dine at the Inn or attend weekend courses, then do a 1 year ocational training course before being called to the bar. No formal qualifications are required for a lay magistrate or jury, but they do need intelligence, common sense, integrity and the capacity to act fairly. Lay magistrates are appointed by the Lord Chancellor (on behalf of the Queen) on the recommendation of the 100 local advisory committee, judges are also appointed by the Lord Chancellor and are appoi nted from those who have held advocacy qualifications for seven years. Soliciters play a totally different role all together, they tend to work alongside a Legal executive with the Legal executive being the Solicitors assistants, they will deal with the more straight forward cases themselves such as preparing wills or leases and also have limited rights of audience in court, mainly making applications in the County court where cases are not defended. Barristers are the specialists of the court room. However once a barrister receives his/her certificate to practice they undertake a completely different life style. This life requires them to dress in dark black gowns and white woolen wigs whilst they advocate in courts such as the crown court. They also wear this â€Å"uniform† whilst they are in their chamber and when they are giving out legal advice on their specialist subject of higher law unlike lay people who do not require a uniform and soliciters must wear a smart suit. Soliciters will instruct a Barrister for their client, and unlike barristers will establish a compelling defence for the barrister to then stand up in court and argue it for the client. However both parties must have a comprehesive understanding of law and soliciters can also give Barristers law advice on cases of law. E. g. negligence, wills, conveyancing etc. Unlike lay people and soliciters practicing Barristers are usually self-employed but usually work from sets of chambers with approximately 20 members in order to share administration costs and a clerk. More recent access to Justice act gives solicitors the right to do advocacy so they can also appear in court as advocates but need to gain an advocacy certificate before they can do so, unlike barristers. How to cite Compare and Contrast the Role of Lay Personell, Papers

How a Knowledge Claim Can Be Tested for Justification free essay sample

I personally believe that everyone’s truths are different as each ones reality is different. What is true for me may not be true for someone else. For example I believe life is difficult, it is a struggle, you have to work hard and persevere whereas for somebody else the truth maybe that life is easy and things happen effortlessly. Thus people’s beliefs and experiences are there truth. Both claim maybe different but they both are true to the person experiencing them. How can a knowledge claim be tested for justification? Let’s take the example of history. Is everything we read about fact? How much of what we read in our History textbooks is actually the author’s perception of the truth. Let’s take the example of various wars that have taken place between Pakistan and India. Indian Historians perception of the war obviously favors India whereas Pakistan Historians have recorded the same history favorable to the Pakistanis. We will write a custom essay sample on How a Knowledge Claim Can Be Tested for Justification? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Recent research has proven that a common man from Pakistan believes that they won the Kargil war whereas a common Indian also believes that India won the war. So what is the truth? Our historians from both countries lying. No I believe that it is simply different versions of the truth. Before we belief a claim to be true we must identify whether the person making the claim has any personal relationship or involvement with the claim. If he stands to gain personally or may have a bias opinion due to personal beliefs then we have reason to doubt his claim. Also your memory and personal relationship with a person making a claim can test the reliability of the claim. In certain cases it may also cause you to doubt a claim that is actually true. For example if I Know a friend who has a tendency to exaggerate and make belief things then even if he is speaking the truth my own judgment of him can cause me to disbelief his truth. Whereas someone who I trust I may find it difficult to see through his lies. Body language is also a very important factor in determining whether one is claiming the truth or not. There are certain signs and signals that may cause me to doubt someone through close observation. For example someone cannot look me in the eye, someone being fidgety and twitching facial muscles or simply scratching their nose can give you warning signs of the possibility that claimant is lying. Conclusion- The world is not black and white and truths may not be complete truths or complete lies. There are lots of shades of grey in between the blacks and whites just as there are many possibilities and versions of the truth. When deciding whether a claim is authentic one should analyze the claim with a open mind and not let his personal judgment completely affect his conclusion.

rhetorical devices Essay Example

rhetorical devices Essay Student 2: Rhetorical Analysis-I , Annotated Bibliography-6, Commentary-16, Memoir-23 Student 2: Past experience Rhetorical Analysis: Walden, Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Where I Lived, and What I Lived For Is the second chapter from Henry D. Thoreaus book Walden, found on pages 81-98 originally published by Princeton University Press, 1854. This edition is the 2004 reprint of the 1971 copyright with an introduction by John Updike. The critical memoir was penned in 1845 by Henry David Thoreau as an account of a two year and two month period spent in the woods living at Walden Pond near the village f Concord, Mass. Written in observation of the times in which Thoreau lived, he masterfully describes aspects of the lives of the local villagers and the thoughts he himself has in respect to what he sees life as, and how he believes life should be. Thoreaus stylistic use of language gives the reader a vivid account of how he sees the world progressing in the village of Concord. His observation of life and what he found to be the only necessary things which a person truly needs comes to life in his account. Thoreau makes a detailed, vivid account giving voice to a simpler life. We will write a custom essay sample on rhetorical devices specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on rhetorical devices specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on rhetorical devices specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He ocks his contemporarys belief in the need to possess material goods, land and wealth as a form of being. Thoreau writings in this section come to life because of his observations of the average man, or maybe more like the ideal model of a man, and what the society of his time believes should be priorities. Land ownership, if one had the resources to own land, is a point that Thoreau makes references. Ownership of material wealth is brought to light as well. His overall thinking on these issues is deliberated over throughout the text. He goes into great detail about the things he as observed in his nearly thirty years of life. He has a very distinct opinion of the culture in which he lives and writes with a very strong opinion to the silliness in which his peers live their lives by what he would consider not really living free. He is of the mind that people are enslaved by the very things which they strive to obtain. He states in this section, for a man is rich in proportion to the number of things in which he can afford to leave alone (82). This is a comment that makes reference to this mind set Thoreau has taken with him on his experiment into the woods. Thoreaus experiment is one of living only with what he needs, and taking with him as little as possible and to acquiring the rest from nature when possible. Thoreaus choice of a living environment and the use of his own hands to build his living quarters add to assessment of the necessaries of life and add value to his statements of what really should matter to men, which in this case would be true freedom to live. Thoreau states, l went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life. And to see if I could not learn hat it had to teach and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived (92). Thoreaus ability to survive by his own means is a common ability for his time. Farming as he accounts is the primary means of income for people in and around his village. He speaks of farms in which he had looked at owning and speaking with people who owned the farms at the time. He has a moment that he briefly owned one farm even though he had never actually taken possession of it. He never had the possession of the farm as the farmers wife had changed her mind on leaving the property. He thought of the farm as a place in nature and not as a means to an end, this being an income in which to obtain material goods. When he speaks of his thought of obtaining a farm of his own, he states, l knew all the while that it would yield the most abundant crop of the kind I wanted if only I could afford to leave it alone (83). This is testament to his thoughts on this topic, that a farm was more valuable if Just left to nature freeing the farmer at the same time. All of this points directly to Thoreaus attitude and reason for the witting of Walden and the experiment in which he invested himself wholly. Thoreaus relationship to the reader is one of knowing disagreement. He has been part of the world he disagrees with, being the son of a pencil maker. He attended Harvard, which was something that only people with money would have done in his time. He has even worked several occupations over the course of his life in what appears to be an internal search for what he believes and who he is as a person. He seems to be attempting to persuade his peers that their life of possession is a waste of time. That expressing oneself to nature is a much more noble pursuit than being attached to ones belongings could ver be. He expresses this with the phrase to affect the quality of the day is the highest of art (90). His attempt to show his readers that life does not need to be a hurry, but should be examined at a slower pace so it can be much more appreciated is a main theme he is proposing to his readers. Thoreaus brings a sense of emotional relaxation to his writing as the ability to shed the unnecessary baggage in ones life can be realized by all who read the text to some level. He allow the readers to find something in life, which they can do without in the attempt to find an inner appiness that does not require the newest goods that mankind has to offer. The peers and other member of this village are not the only ones who can benefit from Thoreaus observations. His writing reaches farther than his local affiliates. His words reach out to the entire nation of the time and future generations as well, whether intended or not. His orientation is one of local roaming and doesnt express his thoughts farther than what he sees in his area; however, the text can be enveloped by people anywhere who can most definitely relate to the feeling of suffocation from he weight of possession and responsibility to a way of life that supports an unnecessary life style. He does however; take the stance that news is only minimally important in the aspect that once you hear something it really doesnt matter how many times that same situation occurs. In a sense, once a person knows something is possible, the frequency in which it occurs is unimportant. His words reach farther than maybe even Thoreau had intended them. Whether or not they could be treated as gospel is up to the reader and what he or she is willing to give up in order to live ree. Not many readers of his day would attempt such a life on purpose, and even Thoreau himself stayed near enough the village that his experiment could be aborted in the case of an extreme emergency even though he has yet to mention this outright in the text. Thoreau states: l was seated by the shore of a small pond, about a mile and a half from the village of Concord and somewhat higher than it. Thoreaus language is poetic at times; although, because of the era it was written in can be hard to interpret on the first read through. A thorough reading is necessary for the his would be the passage that concludes the chapter. He observes, My head is hands and feet. I feel all my best faculties concentrated in it. My instinct tells me that my head is an organ for burrowing, as some creatures use their snout and fore-paws, and with it I would mine and burrow my way through these hills. I think that the richest vein is somewhere hereabouts; so by the divining rod and thin rising vapors I judge; and here I will begin to mine (98). The passage can be confusing reading it only once; however, if the reader examines it more closely, he or she might find that it s referring to the ability of the hands and feet to do work of value, in Thoreaus opinion, as they have done for him in his life up to this point. However, Thoreau thinks that his head is the more valuable to him in his now settled surroundings, and is ready to start mining the thoughts that will come along with his forth coming experiences in the remote location that is now his home. The poetry that he writes the final paragraph with sets the tone for his thoughts of the moment. He appears to have an eagerness to experience all that nature has in store for him, and to not live a ruitless life. The question now is whether or not Thoreau is effectively getting his message across to the reader. His wording very effectively sets an image of his situation in the readers mind, and his environment is painted wonderfully by the phrases and analogies that he uses to express himself. Environment is the key word as he is not Just trying to explain his surroundings, but moreover explains why he believes as he does, what is going on in his thoughts along with where he is and what is happening down to the smallest detail such as the sound of the mosquito in the orning, to the mist on the early morning pond as the sun rises. His point of how things are and how they could or maybe even should be is put into perspective in this section of the text. Thoreau gets his point across with excellent imagery and poetry that allows the reader to be drawn into his world and live what Thoreau is living at that time. Those who read the text can start to believe the way that Thoreau is living his experiment is an acceptable reality and can easily get on board with the possibility of a simpler life. One may even enw his ability to attempt this life, as he llows the reader to imagine a life less complicated by the things that they value in their own life. To be free to move without being tied to the comforts of life and to feel that maybe life could be comfortable in a different sense without being suffocated by material belongings. To come and go as one pleases without constraint to property in the form of land or all the other things that can fill ones home. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Yepsen, Rhodes. Encouraging Sustainable Recycling Behavior Through Financial Incentives. Biocycle 1 Dec. 2007: 34-7. ProQuest. 29 sep. 2008 . The above entioned article states the progress that was made in Wilmington, Delaware toward implementing a recycling program that would increase community participation by using of a reward system along with ease of use for the citizens participating in the program. It describes the steps taken in running two separate pilot programs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania neighborhoods to research the level citizens would take part in the program. Research was conducted in two separate income neighborhoods work to increase reusable materials along with reducing material deposited in the landfill. The points out the thought that recycling failures are due to the investment in time needed for households to successfully increase recycling and reduce waste in landfills. The pilot programs that were implemented to test the theory that one bin used to recycle any material appropriate to be recycled would increase the participation in those communities. Along with the ease of the one bin method was the implementation of a financial incentive given by recycling firm (Blue Mountain materials recycling facility), paid as credits to local business for the amount in weight of the bi-weekly recycling bin picked up curbside. The rate in which households increased their recycling efforts Jumped from 30 to 90 percent in one neighborhood and quadrupled to 90 percent as well in the second pilot neighborhood. This laid the ground work to implement the program on a city sized scale. Wilmington, DE was the city to be used to implement the large scale recycling program which would grow to 65 percent of the 73,000 population participating in the program along with over 300 retail partners and growing. This amount of recycled materials has reduced the deposits in the landfill by 35 percent (6,700 tons) every other week. The source is a rade publication in the green movement and reliable to a degree, however may be slightly tainted due to putting a positive spin on any recycling effort that appears to work toward the end goal of changing recycling policy. This article is extremely useful in that it exemplifies how recycling could increase if the time needed and the financial incentive were implemented in other cities. Fargo has roughly the same population as Wilmington and the fact that the program is successful there makes it feasible to implement the same or similar program in other cities of at least the same general population. The extreme increase in recycling due to the program leads one to believe that recycling as it is in its current state will not provide improved results toward reusing limited resources anytime soon if ever. Gamerman, Ellen. Weekend Journal; An Inconvenient Bag. Wall Street Journal. 26 Sept. 2008. ProQuest. 29 Sep. 2008 . This article from The Wall Street Journal is an informational piece on the new trend in green grocery shopping with popularity of the reusable shopping bag. The article goes on to explain the difficulty in making products environmentally safe because of the materials being used. It also states the extent to which some retailers are planning to cut purchases of single use plastic bags and market reusable shopping bags for customers which will lower operating costs in the effort to transform the retail experience into a more green experience. The reputation of The Wall Street Journal and the expert reporting that has been a trusted source for national news for many years establishes this as a credible source. The reporting and facts of this article will be most useful when discussing some of the problems with the green movement and how good intensions can backfire if not thought through ompletely. An example of the unintended problems with this particular effort lies in the bag which is the focus of this article. The article points to the use of the reusable grocery store to the megastore. The main statement of this article is the use of the reusable bag and that if a person doesnt intend to use the bag, then it is better not taking the bag because it will most likely still end up in the landfill like its thinner disposable cousins, however because it uses a larger quantity of plastic, it will take much longer to biodegrade. Other secondary points made in the article pertain to ity ordinances in places such as San Francisco, that is making an attempt to ban plastic bags altogether. This comes on the news that an estimated 100 billion plastic bags are thrown out every year in the U. S. alone. It is interesting to learn that the reusable bag is made from plastic even though the feel and look may lead a person to think otherwise. This point is important when considering grabbing several of the bags to transport purchases to and from the store and whether or not they will actually get used. A suggestion the author submits to the reader is to return the bags o the vehicle after unloading so they will always be available and not forgotten at home. This source will be very useful in showing the extent in which certain entities, whether it be a corporation such as Wal-Mart, or a even a government such as the City of San Francisco, and how it is trying to eliminate the plastic bag issue that is becoming a much more popular issue in the quest to become more environmentally responsible. Silva, Cristina. Recycling Has a New Supporter: The Mayor: The Countys Offer of Free Recycling Proves Too Tempting For Mayor Rick Baker to Ignore. St. Petersburg Times. 25 sept. 2008. ProQuest. 29 sept. 2008 . This article is strictly on the point of why the Mayor of St. Petersburg, FL has changed his mind on curbside recycling in the city and what the issues were that had held him back from implementing a city wide recycling program in St. Petersburg, FL. The St. Petersburg Times article seem s to be a relevant and unbiased source for the article that has credible legs to it. The article is short and to the point, but offers insight into the problems of instituting curbside recycling that many U. S. cities are currently dealing with. This articles main point is that the mayor has changes his ind toward implementing a recycling program, due to the involvement of the county and their willingness to pay for the implementation of the program that is currently on the table. The mayor had two concerns that had limited his willingness to get behind a city recycling program with the biggest issue being the cost involved with such a program. This issue is the main point and biggest hurdle the city was dealing with to start curbside recycling for the residents. The second issue the mayor had concerns with was greenhouse emissions from collections vehicles that would be used for this service. The second point leads one to believe that the recycling service would be of great interest to the city since it appears to want to be more environmentally responsible. This article will back up the point that will be the main focus of the paper which appears to be the cost involved in starting recycling programs in cities nationwide. This article will be useful to discuss how economic issues play the largest role in household recycling even in cities such as St. Petersburg, that are interested in McKay, Dan. City Sees Recycling Increase: Curbside Service, Awareness Cited as Reasons. Albuquerque Journal. 23 Sept. 2008,C. . ProQuest. 29 Sept. 2008 . The main point of this article is on recycling efforts in Albuquerque, NM that take the approach that keeping the community informed and aware of the importance of recycling at the household level. This approach differs from other resources being used, because the approach is not one of financial incentive to motivate communities to recycle. Credibility is sound on the basis of the source being a locate newspaper. The article is not detailed in the information about how the city informs the citizens in order to get them to participate in the recycling program in certain parts of the city, owever does state that the effort is making a difference with the community. The article goes on to mention the fact that 10,000 tons of waste are recycled annually with the program that provides recycling bins to residents to recycle materials to be picked up curbside for convenience. It is unclear if there is a current fee being charged by the city to recycle at the current rate, however, the article goes on to say that the success of the program has maxed out the current recycling facility, and increased amounts of recycling would require a garbage collection rate increase to fund a new facility. This source is beneficial in its statements of the amount of recycling being done by a community for benefit of the environment as the only motivating factor. The Albuquerque community, if memory serves, is a very affluent, artistic and would seem to be motivated by good deed alone in my opinion. The informing and making the community aware of the benefits of recycling could take much more effort in different communities in the U. S. along with a greater financial propaganda program to make this approach successful. Bell, Tom. Westbrook to Get Free Recycling: The Deal With Casella Waste Systems Includes Extending a Sewer Line on County Road. Portland Press Herald. 23 Sept. 2008. ProQuest. 29 Sept. 2008 . This article is focuses on how the city of Portland , ME has overcome charging recycling fees by making a deal to supply a sewer system free of charge to the Casella Waste System in exchange for free curbside recycling to the city residents for the next 20 years. The source of the a rticle is the Portland Press Herald which has local credibility and doesnt show any signs of bias either for or against the deal. The estimated cost of the sewer system is $250,000 and will also be used by other landowners along the ounty road which will bring additional income to the city from this use. The waste facility is also prohibited from building an incinerator to dispose of unrecyclable materials in order to avoid greenhouse gas emissions. The city will also pay 68. 50 per ton of garbage to the facility down from 98. 50 as part of the deal. The facility will then process the recycled material and sell it to companies that make secondary recycled products for resale on a national basis. This article is not original except in how it shows one possibility for a community to fund recycling to the citizens while keeping the process simple to participate in to ould definitely work in many communities that would like to find alternative ways to green up their communities, when simply taxing residents or charging fees to gain participation in recycling programs is desired. How We Can Avoid Future Landfill Expansions. Bucks County Courier Times. 22 Sept. 2008. ProQuest. 29 Sept. 2008 . This article shows the ways that average households can save money by reducing waste by purchasing reusable item as opposed to single use items. The article goes on to specify other ways to reduce waste in households such as composting food waste, to finding other uses around he house for items that cant currently be recycled. The article comes from the Buck County Courier Times located in Levittown, PA and has a focus on ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle better k now as the three Rs. The first point of the article focus on being aware of what you buy to ensure that it is something that can be recycled and choose only those items that can be recycled; if it cant be recycled you should ask yourself it can have another long term use. The example question the article asks is: Can this be used for my childrens art supplies? The second point stated in the article is that food waste takes up large mounts of the waste disposed by households and makes note that this type of material can be easily composted instead. The article is a bit vague but takes a different angle to recycling and gives would be or current recycler ideas and awareness to the issues of landfill reduction. The articles makes note that Wheelabrator, which is a local recycling processor, reuses 200 tons of recyclables on any given day to make clean, marketable secondary materials. Abramovitz, Janet N. and Ashley T. Mattoon. Paper Cuts: Recovering the Paper Landscape. Worldwatch Paper 149. (Dec. 1999): 31-36. Worldwatch Paper is a espected Journal that focuses on environmental issues in many different areas. This issue is on the paper waste issue that grows exponentially annually, the resources origin, the need for sustainability, and the need to recycle or eliminate the use of paper products. The portion of this particular Journal that is the focus is on the issue of trimming consumption. The section of the Journal on trimming paper consumption is geared toward how businesses currently use paper, and how they could drastically reduce current usage. The largest use of paper as would be expected would be the office. The areas of interest are things such as the availability of duplex printers, or printers with the ability to print on both sides of the paper. This is currently the most commonly used printer in the business setting today, however they are not being put to this use as many businesses dont print on both sides of paper. Another way to effectively cut paper usage is to print two pages per side, which is estimated to reduce paper usage by 75% in some cases. Paperless billing is now becoming more accepted nationally by the average consumer which is responsible for reduced paper consumption in the odern office. Yet another suggestion to reduce paper consumption in the modern business was to reduce the weight of the paper, in other words to use a lower grade in the same amount of space. This is a very informative and insightful topic within a Journal that can be extremely useful in other areas of paper waste and recyclability of the limited paper resource. There are many ideas on how to reduce, reuse, and recycle paper that is backed up with solid research to solidify the facts and ideas put forth. Porter, Richard C. The Economics of Waste. Resources for the Future, 2002. This book as written with the purpose of examining the economics behind recycling everything that can be recycled along with scientific data focused on why recycling works when it does, and why recycling doesnt work when issues such a government regulations, lack of public interest, or financial lose due to inefficient recycling processes take place for example. This very in depth book is a systematic examination of different aspects of the recycling industry. It puts many areas of the industry under the microscope and examines the instability of recycling and why it is hard to get a large scale recycling peration going, due to financial losses experienced in many cases. The issues that are prevalent are the disposable nature of most things consumed in the modern era. Nothing seems to be made to last or made to be reused. Economics success of the modern corporations is based on consumption and economic growth cannot happen without continued consumption, which translates into the need for disposable materials to be used to make our products. This is contributing to large quantities of waste going into landfills, and the inability of recycling facilities to make an economic rofit means that they are of no need in our society. The reason that these facilities cant succeed stems from a number of reasons, with the most obvious being that people Just dont seem to care about recycling. It may not be that people dont care as much as they dont feel it is convenient to recycle and requires either too much effort, time, or cost to the consumer, all of which gives zero incentive to recycle and care for the environment that still hasnt been embraced by a significant enough of the population to have much of an effect. This book has a very logical and mathematical approach to the issues with ffective recycling, and financial gains that will make recycling an industry that will become common place in modern society. The author has stated clearly that financial incentive will be need on the part of the consumer to recycle, along with financial incentive for companies to make long lasting products, and finally financial incentive to build recycling facilities that can turn a profit. The entire book will be extremely useful in backing up many ideas and concepts that are the norm in todays recycling efforts with detailed mathematical formulas for proof. This book will be used in its ntirety to back up recycling facts used in writing the recycling commentary. Lave, Lester B. et al. Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Issues. Journal of Environmental Engineering (Oct 1999): 944-48. EBSCO: Academic Search Elite. 14 Oct. The Journal entry is a valid study of economics and recycling policy in the U. S. and the ability of recycling to be a self sustained industry and why it currently is not so. a mathematical approach to its successes and failures. The Journal of Environmental Engineering is a credible resource available to researchers of with a need for information on engineering responsibly for the future. This particular Journal entry covers several angles of recycling and the reasons why it is not a profitable or highly sought after industry, and why the recycling industry is a long way from being one that will be heavily invested in anytime in the foreseeable future, however two stand out as being the biggest hurdles in the capitalistic environment of profit and loses. The first of these two is the fact that the disposal of waste into a landfill is still the most affordable way to rid ourselves of the things we no longer find useful. The second main point is that it is still cheaper to obtain the esources from the original source than it is to get them from recycling in almost every case with the exception of aluminum and steel. Keeping this in mind it is understandable the aluminum can recycling is one of the most common forms of fore putting waste in the landfill recycling and has been in practice for the longest period of time. Automobile recycling has also been around for some time and accounts for a large portion of the resources needed to provide new steel products to consumers, even though less and less steel is being used to manufacture goods of any kind today. Eighty percent of the products made from steel in the U. S. today come from recycled steel. The statement made in this Journal do not leave the reader feeling encouraged about recycling efforts increasing to a larger degree in the near future because it Just cant make money until natural resources dwindle to the point that they become more expensive to get them from their natural source than from recycling. The recycling effort in a state like North Dakota is not going to increase because population is so minimal compared to other regions that it will be far in the future due to the inexpensive use of land for landfills that this state has plenty of. Isely, Paul and Aaron Lowen. Price and Substitution in Residential Solid Waste. contemporary Economic policy 25. 3 (2007): 433-43. EBSCO: Academic search Elite. 14 oct. 2008 . The Journal entry is based in the economics of a variety of waste disposal and is a reliable source for the costs involved in waste disposal and the costs involved by making mathematical calculations to disposal of different types without stating which combination is the best. Simply stated the money involved in waste disposal of various types is the only focus of this article. The information in this resource is directed at landfill costs and how much money er ton the case study landfill charges per ton of waste, how much additional tonnage can be disposed of and the increased amount of waste an increase in fees can accommodate for future needs. The costs for landfill disposal are broken down into the smallest conceivable variable from fuel charges for pickup vehicles to labor involved in employing workers at every stage of disposal. The breakdown and formulas used to fgure the cost of disposal are explained so that any future changes in costs such as increased expense of things such as fuel for example can be fgured The information is useful in breaking down the costs involved with waste disposal and the degree of exactness the study was conducted is amazing. Waste disposal was researched for several years and measure the weight of disposal in tons and even took into account seasonal changes in temperature and moister from precipitation that could be absorbed into waste before the weight was taken before disposal. It appears that no detail was overlooked in this particular study and should come in handy when straight forward hard facts are need to backup points on amounts of actual waste being disposed of compared to amounts recycled. COMMENTARY Household Recycling: Examples of How to Successfully Reduce Landfill Disposal By now most people are aware that paper, plastic, aluminum, and glass are everyday materials that play a part in almost everything Americans consume. Whether it is as common as the aluminum can that contains a popular soda, to the plastic water bottles that line the coolers of every convenience store; and these items are piling up in our landfills, all the while more, unsustainable, raw materials are being depleted to make their replacements. If asked, most people would say that they would like to be more eco-friendly; have a smaller environmental footprint; or in ther words, be kind to the earth we all share. What better way to do your part than recycling? You may not save the world from environmental disaster, but it is a start. Most people are familiar with the three arrows that form a flowing, and never ending triangle; this is the symbol for recycling, or a product that is recyclable, will have the symbol located on it. Unfortunately, most products that have this symbol stamped on the bottom, or printed on its side, still end up as waste in the landfill, or city dump. Most people, for certain reasons and sometimes for no reason at all, dont give recycling much thought. These reasons take a variety of forms; some people feel they dont have the time recycle, others extra space for recyclables, and even more dont want to foot the extra cost of recycling. However, some cities are addressing these issues; and in doing so, are finding success in recycling programs that take many different forms, and have been developed through innovative thinking, and accomplishing the ultimate goal of reducing garbage in the landfill. The first topic of that arises when discussing recycling, is that of the time and inconvenience people often associate with the whole process. Imagine that the local